摘要：通過(guo)研(yan)究(jiu)單相漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)變化規律，研(yan)究(jiu)了礦(kuang)井電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣下(xia)降檢測(ce)方(fang)法及動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附(fu)加低頻信(xin)號取樣技術，結合(he)常規漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)技術，開(kai)發了動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣參數(shu)在線(xian)監測(ce)系(xi)統及配套軟(ruan)件，實現(xian)了對礦(kuang)井低壓(ya)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統每(mei)一分支(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)絕(jue)緣在線(xian)監測(ce)，達到(dao)選擇性漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)的(de)目的(de)。

關鍵詞：礦井(jing)電網；絕緣下(xia)降(jiang)；電纜(lan)監測；漏電保護；低(di)頻信號(hao)

0引言

漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)故障是(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)體對地(di)絕(jue)(jue)緣下降到(dao)(dao)一定(ding)(ding)程度，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)增大到(dao)(dao)一定(ding)(ding)程度的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)現象。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)故障會使電(dian)(dian)網三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)對地(di)不對稱，且中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)點也(ye)會產(chan)生位(wei)移，并產(chan)生零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。井下電(dian)(dian)網漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)分為分散性(xing)(xing)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)和集中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)。分散性(xing)(xing)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)整條(tiao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)線路絕(jue)(jue)緣水平下降到(dao)(dao)一定(ding)(ding)程度造成的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)；集中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)網三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一相(xiang)對地(di)絕(jue)(jue)緣失效造成的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)，這種漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)大，對人危害也(ye)比較大。

礦(kuang)井供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)產(chan)生漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)故障(zhang)的原(yuan)因主要(yao)有(you)(you)檢查不(bu)(bu)到位、操作不(bu)(bu)當、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層被破(po)壞、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)老化、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)受(shou)潮(chao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)選擇不(bu)(bu)當過載(zai)運行(xing)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)或開關(guan)設備(bei)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)運行(xing)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)過長或開關(guan)過多造成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網總絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)水平(ping)下降(jiang)、接頭不(bu)(bu)牢、喇叭口封堵不(bu)(bu)嚴等(deng)。漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)故障(zhang)需要(yao)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)維(wei)護處(chu)理，對生產(chan)造成嚴重影響，如果維(wei)修不(bu)(bu)及時也極(ji)易發生觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事故。如果造成通(tong)風(feng)機(ji)停機(ji)，將有(you)(you)可能造成瓦(wa)斯積聚而引起安全事故。

目前，煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)井下應(ying)用的(de)開(kai)關(guan)漏電(dian)保護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)應(ying)用不是十(shi)分(fen)可靠(kao)，偶(ou)爾會出現(xian)誤(wu)動(dong)(dong)作的(de)情況。由于電(dian)容(rong)電(dian)流補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)使電(dian)網(wang)保護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)不能正確選擇出故障(zhang)線(xian)(xian)路，并使非故障(zhang)線(xian)(xian)路跳(tiao)閘，影(ying)響(xiang)煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)供(gong)電(dian)安全，影(ying)響(xiang)煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)生(sheng)產作業。本文設計(ji)了(le)絕(jue)緣在線(xian)(xian)監測系統，不僅能監測整個電(dian)網(wang)的(de)絕(jue)緣狀態，而(er)且能準確判斷出故障(zhang)線(xian)(xian)路，避(bi)免誤(wu)動(dong)(dong)作的(de)發生(sheng)，可以取代預(yu)防性(xing)檢修，提(ti)高了(le)煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)安全性(xing)，研(yan)究意義重大。

1單(dan)相漏電(dian)時(shi)零序(xu)電(dian)壓的(de)變(bian)化規律(lv)

礦井電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)各相對(dui)地絕緣與(yu)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)形成的節點網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡，用(yong)節點電(dian)壓(ya)法分析比較合(he)理和方便(bian)。單相漏(lou)電(dian)示意圖(tu)(tu)如圖(tu)(tu)1所示，當圖(tu)(tu)1中電(dian)路(lu)A相發生(sheng)漏(lou)電(dian)時，其等效電(dian)路(lu)如圖(tu)(tu)2所示。假設R為(wei)漏(lou)電(dian)電(dian)阻，其并聯到了Z0上，破(po)壞了電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)對(dui)稱性，產生(sheng)零序電(dian)壓(ya)U0。

這是(shi)一(yi)個極坐標(biao)方程，直(zhi)徑(jing)為rUA/(3R+r)，圓(yuan)的直(zhi)徑(jing)隨著不同的r和(he)R而變化，但都通過相量U0，圓(yuan)柱內切于圓(yuan)點。

2礦(kuang)井電纜絕緣下(xia)降檢測方法

目前絕緣(yuan)下降檢(jian)(jian)測方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)主要有直(zhi)流疊加法(fa)(fa)、直(zhi)流分(fen)量法(fa)(fa)、直(zhi)流成分(fen)法(fa)(fa)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)介損法(fa)(fa)、接地線電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)在(zai)線檢(jian)(jian)測、波電(dian)(dian)流方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)原理法(fa)(fa)、低頻(pin)重(zhong)疊法(fa)(fa)等，根據(ju)分(fen)析(xi)對比，附(fu)加信(xin)號(hao)的(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)比較適合煤礦井(jing)下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)下降檢(jian)(jian)測。附(fu)加直(zhi)流信(xin)號(hao)方(fang)(fang)式工(gong)頻(pin)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)造成的(de)直(zhi)流分(fen)量對附(fu)加信(xin)號(hao)有影(ying)響，使檢(jian)(jian)測信(xin)號(hao)不易被檢(jian)(jian)出(chu)。附(fu)加交流信(xin)號(hao)有高頻(pin)信(xin)號(hao)和(he)低頻(pin)信(xin)號(hao)2種(zhong)。

礦井電(dian)(dian)網(wang)為(wei)中性(xing)點不(bu)接地的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)接地系統(tong)，漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)阻(zu)抗(kang)為(wei)容(rong)(rong)性(xing)，容(rong)(rong)性(xing)阻(zu)抗(kang)對于(yu)頻(pin)率高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)呈現(xian)阻(zu)抗(kang)減小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)。因此，附加(jia)高(gao)頻(pin)交流(liu)(liu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，漏電(dian)(dian)會(hui)區分不(bu)出附加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)與檢測(ce)(ce)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。如果采(cai)用(yong)低(di)(di)頻(pin)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，容(rong)(rong)抗(kang)隨附加(jia)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)頻(pin)率的(de)(de)(de)降低(di)(di)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)越發明(ming)顯(xian)，而檢測(ce)(ce)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)產生的(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)會(hui)受到(dao)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。考慮容(rong)(rong)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，本文(wen)采(cai)用(yong)線路(lu)上疊加(jia)36V、10Hz低(di)(di)頻(pin)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量方(fang)法。由于(yu)容(rong)(rong)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)受頻(pin)率降低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，但阻(zu)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)變化不(bu)大(da)，能(neng)夠從測(ce)(ce)量的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)中區分出來，實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)絕(jue)緣參數的(de)(de)(de)在線監測(ce)(ce)。附加(jia)低(di)(di)頻(pin)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)法的(de)(de)(de)原理是在電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中附加(jia)一個低(di)(di)頻(pin)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)源，其工作原理如圖3所示

低(di)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)產生的(de)低(di)頻(pin)(pin)信號通(tong)過(guo)隔離變壓器(qi)(qi)傳送給三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)SK，由SK進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網，再通(tong)過(guo)對地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容C和(he)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r流入大地(di)，再與(yu)取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R和(he)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)J形成回路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互感器(qi)(qi)LH1、LH2、LH3獲取相應的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流信號，通(tong)過(guo)計算處理，即可求得各個支路(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕緣情況，從而進(jin)行故障選線操(cao)作。其等效電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)如圖4所示。

由式(14)計算(suan)獲(huo)得絕緣電阻(zu)值(zhi)，當r比設置(zhi)的門(men)檻值(zhi)小時，就可(ke)以判斷該支路發生(sheng)了絕緣下降故障，可(ke)以進行故障斷電操(cao)作。

通過研究分析，該(gai)(gai)故(gu)障(zhang)檢測方法具(ju)有如下(xia)優(you)點：當電(dian)(dian)網某支路(lu)(lu)(lu)發(fa)生(sheng)絕緣下(xia)降(jiang)故(gu)障(zhang)時，該(gai)(gai)支路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器能(neng)夠采集到低(di)頻電(dian)(dian)流(liu)信(xin)號(hao)，絕緣正常的支路(lu)(lu)(lu)則(ze)不能(neng)采集到該(gai)(gai)信(xin)號(hao)，因此可以準確地判斷出故(gu)障(zhang)支路(lu)(lu)(lu)。動作門檻值只與低(di)頻信(xin)號(hao)和接地電(dian)(dian)阻有關，只要選(xuan)擇(ze)合適(shi)的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)信(xin)號(hao)，就能(neng)保證監測系(xi)統可靠(kao)動作。

3絕緣在線監測系(xi)統設(she)計

絕緣在線監測(ce)系統核(he)心(xin)板(ban)采用(yong)(yong)SEED-DPS2812；CPU主頻(pin)150MHz；片外(wai)SRAM：256K×16位(wei)；片外(wai)Flash：256K×16位(wei)；最大(da)32K×8位(wei)SPI串(chuan)行(xing)接(jie)口EEPROM；實時時鐘RTC＋56字節(jie)NvRAM；18位(wei)、580KSPS轉換率(lv)的片A/D；20路(lu)(lu)(lu)帶光(guang)(guang)電隔離開關(guan)量輸(shu)入(12~24V直(zhi)流(liu))；18路(lu)(lu)(lu)帶光(guang)(guang)電隔離開關(guan)量輸(shu)出(chu)(5~40V直(zhi)流(liu))；隔離型(xing)RS232/RS485各(ge)1路(lu)(lu)(lu)(隔離電壓2500V)；1路(lu)(lu)(lu)標準RJ45鏈接(jie)器；1路(lu)(lu)(lu)eCAN收發驅動(dong)，符合CAN2.0協議(yi)；外(wai)接(jie)3×3鍵盤(pan)；底板(ban)自(zi)主設計：DIDO全(quan)部光(guang)(guang)電隔離；包含模擬(ni)量采集輸(shu)入信號調理電路(lu)(lu)(lu)。低頻(pin)電源設計采用(yong)(yong)51系列單片機外(wai)擴D/A輸(shu)出(chu)電路(lu)(lu)(lu)，產生交流(liu)低頻(pin)信號；采用(yong)(yong)50Hz雙T型(xing)陷波器，功率(lv)放大(da)等(deng)構成電源輸(shu)出(chu)信號調理板(ban)。液晶用(yong)(yong)DWIN64480010_WN。系統拓撲結構圖(tu)如圖(tu)5所示。

自主(zhu)(zhu)研發(fa)(fa)信(xin)號調理(li)模(mo)塊，將(jiang)漏電(dian)(dian)流變(bian)送器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出信(xin)號放大、濾(lv)波，原(yuan)理(li)如圖6所示。設計(ji)采用(yong)(yong)超微(wei)晶(jing)電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)壓形成回路(lu)、帶阻濾(lv)波、放大電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、帶通(tong)濾(lv)波組成模(mo)擬量采集(ji)信(xin)號調理(li)板。自主(zhu)(zhu)研發(fa)(fa)信(xin)號處理(li)單元，外部使(shi)用(yong)(yong)16位AD進行采樣(yang)，能(neng)夠對電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)微(wei)小(xiao)變(bian)化進行處理(li)。監測(ce)設備工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)壓：AC660V(三(san)相)；輸入視在功(gong)率：250V·A；端口數(shu)量：1路(lu)(KT83-Z信(xin)號轉換器(qi)傳輸)；傳輸方式：多(duo)主(zhu)(zhu)式、CAN；傳輸速率：5kb/s；傳輸距離：4km(使(shi)用(yong)(yong)MHYVR電(dian)(dian)纜或MHYVP電(dian)(dian)纜，導線截面不小(xiao)于1.5mm2)；通(tong)信(xin)信(xin)號的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓峰-峰值：1.5~5V。分(fen)站通(tong)過CAN總(zong)線連接至(zhi)KT83-Z礦(kuang)用(yong)(yong)本(ben)安型信(xin)號轉換器(qi)可(ke)實(shi)現低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)網(wang)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)診(zhen)斷功(gong)能(neng)，并具備本(ben)地液(ye)晶(jing)顯(xian)示功(gong)能(neng)。當(dang)被監測(ce)的(de)(de)低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)網(wang)支路(lu)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻下降(jiang)時(shi)(shi)，分(fen)站顯(xian)示“絕(jue)緣下降(jiang)報警"，進入報警狀(zhuang)態(tai)，并將(jiang)故(gu)障(zhang)支路(lu)告(gao)知監控系(xi)統(tong)，實(shi)現故(gu)障(zhang)區域(yu)判斷，同時(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)出故(gu)障(zhang)區域(yu)閉鎖(suo)信(xin)息。當(dang)被監測(ce)的(de)(de)低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)網(wang)支路(lu)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻恢復正常(chang)時(shi)(shi)，分(fen)站顯(xian)示“絕(jue)緣良好(hao)"。

礦井電(dian)網(wang)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)保護(hu)監(jian)控平臺軟件旨(zhi)在(zai)為(wei)用戶(hu)提供(gong)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)纜絕緣(yuan)參(can)數(shu)來進行在(zai)線(xian)監(jian)測，以及實現電(dian)網(wang)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)保護(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)各種(zhong)界(jie)面。具有基(ji)本在(zai)線(xian)監(jian)測功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，包括多(duo)支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流、有功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)、無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)以及功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)等參(can)數(shu)采(cai)集與顯示。用戶(hu)可(ke)以通過軟件提供(gong)的(de)界(jie)面設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)任意保護(hu)整(zheng)定(ding)參(can)數(shu)，系統按照用戶(hu)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)整(zheng)定(ding)值完成(cheng)監(jian)測過程，并可(ke)按用戶(hu)要(yao)求自動(dong)按間隔(ge)記錄(lu)一次電(dian)網(wang)參(can)數(shu)或者記錄(lu)用戶(hu)感興趣的(de)當前值。在(zai)發生漏(lou)電(dian)故障(采(cai)集值大(da)于設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)整(zheng)定(ding)值)時(shi)，軟件具有報(bao)警及實時(shi)記錄(lu)故障數(shu)值的(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。具備(bei)手動(dong)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)和絕緣(yuan)在(zai)線(xian)監(jian)測警戒閾值、選擇性(xing)漏(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)整(zheng)定(ding)值、短路(lu)(lu)保護(hu)整(zheng)定(ding)值的(de)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。具備(bei)漏(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)選線(xian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，可(ke)顯示故障支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)號。具備(bei)對地絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻顯示功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，提供(gong)外配設(she)(she)備(bei)接入支(zhi)持。此外，還(huan)具備(bei)完善的(de)數(shu)據管理、組態顯示和打印功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。

4試驗測試

用MATLAB/Simulink的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)模(mo)(mo)塊庫(ku)(PowerSystemBlockset)中(zhong)的(de)模(mo)(mo)塊，進行RLC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機控制系(xi)統(tong)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)仿(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)搭(da)建(jian)。搭(da)建(jian)的(de)仿(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)主要包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模(mo)(mo)塊(Three-Phase Source)、變壓器模(mo)(mo)塊(Three-PhaseTransformer)、負載模(mo)(mo)塊(Three-PhaseSeriesRLCLoad)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表模(mo)(mo)塊 (CurrentMeasurement)、濾波器(ButterworthFilter)和(he)示波器模(mo)(mo)塊(Scope)等。在(zai)動力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜上模(mo)(mo)擬套接的(de)高靈敏度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)信號的(de)波形，區分故(gu)障(zhang)支(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)與非故(gu)障(zhang)支(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)，從而(er)達到有選擇性地切斷(duan)故(gu)障(zhang)支(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)的(de)目的(de)。更換所選模(mo)(mo)塊的(de)參數，模(mo)(mo)擬零序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器檢測的(de)工(gong)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與非故(gu)障(zhang)支(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)檢測到的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。設置不同煤礦動力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜仿(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)參數，模(mo)(mo)擬仿(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動力(li)(li)

電纜絕緣參數(shu)在(zai)線監測系統(tong)。建立煤礦井(jing)下(xia)低壓電網仿(fang)真模型，如圖7所示。

采用高(gao)精度動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)障測(ce)試(shi)系統(tong)、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流發生器、動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)測(ce)裝置、礦(kuang)用屏蔽通信電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)等組建礦(kuang)井電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)對(dui)地絕(jue)緣值(zhi)測(ce)試(shi)系統(tong)。總(zong)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護通過直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)對(dui)地檢(jian)測(ce)來完(wan)成，當(dang)對(dui)地絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻小到一定(ding)值(zhi)時(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閉鎖(suo)，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)正常工作(zuo)后，負(fu)載(zai)側線路當(dang)對(dui)地漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻小到一定(ding)值(zhi)時(shi)，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)將快速動(dong)作(zuo)，動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi)間在(zai)(zai)200ms范(fan)圍內(nei)，此動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi)間會大于(yu)分饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工作(zuo)狀態(tai)時(shi)的50ms，使得(de)總(zong)、分饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)縱向漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護的時(shi)間錯開(kai)，在(zai)(zai)分開(kai)關(guan)(guan)負(fu)載(zai)側漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，總(zong)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不至于(yu)誤動(dong)作(zuo)。

總(zong)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載側1K漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，首先(xian)按下總(zong)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)柜表盤上的(de)(de)(de)(de)按鈕(niu)選擇(ze)0.22μF或者0.47μF或者1.0μF對(dui)地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，選擇(ze)對(dui)地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容大(da)說明線路長(chang)，當按下1K漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)按鈕(niu)后(hou)，可以(yi)觀(guan)測到對(dui)地(di)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)開關(guan)動作(zuo)時間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)乘積(ji)由于被試(shi)(shi)開關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器具有對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)補償功能而不(bu)應大(da)于30mA·s，從試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)當中可以(yi)看出開關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載線路不(bu)宜過長(chang)，線路過長(chang)會引起(qi)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增(zeng)大(da)，增(zeng)大(da)人身觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危險性。總(zong)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載側漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)能引起(qi)其(qi)負(fu)載側的(de)(de)(de)(de)任何(he)一路分饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動作(zuo)。

試驗結果(guo)表明，無論對于單條(tiao)支路絕(jue)緣下降、漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，還是分散性絕(jue)緣下降、漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，如(ru)果(guo)單純地采用傳統的(de)(de)、利(li)用母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)流故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)特征量作判據(ju)的(de)(de)選擇性漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護都有一些局限性。采用基于低頻疊加法的(de)(de)零序功率方向型的(de)(de)差動(dong)選擇性漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護技術，能夠準確識別故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)特征，正確反映故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)類型，達到在線獲(huo)取電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣參數并將(jiang)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)及時(shi)排除(chu)于萌(meng)芽(ya)階段的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

5絕緣監測及絕緣故障定(ding)位(wei)產品

5.1絕(jue)緣監測及絕(jue)緣故障定位產(chan)品

AIM-T系(xi)列(lie)工業用(yong)絕(jue)緣監(jian)測儀(yi)

AIM-T系列絕緣監測(ce)儀(yi)主要(yao)應(ying)用在(zai)工(gong)業場所(suo)IT配電系統中，主要(yao)包括AIM-T300、AIM-T500和AIMT500L三款產品(pin)，均適用于純交流、純直流以(yi)及交直流混合的系統。

其中AIM-T300適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)450V以下(xia)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)、直流(liu)(liu)以及交(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)混合(he)系統，AIM-T500適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)800V以下(xia)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)、直流(liu)(liu)以及交(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)混合(he)系。AIM-T500L相比(bi)AIM-T500增加了(le)絕緣故障(zhang)定位功(gong)能(neng)。

5.2絕緣故(gu)障(zhang)定位產(chan)品(pin)

工(gong)業用(yong)絕(jue)緣故(gu)障定(ding)(ding)位產(chan)品配合AIM-T500L絕(jue)緣監測(ce)(ce)儀(yi)使(shi)用(yong)，主要包括ASG200測(ce)(ce)試信(xin)號發生(sheng)器，AIL200-12絕(jue)緣故(gu)障定(ding)(ding)位儀(yi)，AKH-0.66L系列電(dian)(dian)流互感器，適用(yong)于出線(xian)回(hui)路較多的IT配電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。

5.3絕緣監測耦合儀

絕(jue)緣監測耦合儀(yi)(yi)配(pei)合AIM-T500絕(jue)緣監測儀(yi)(yi)使用，主要包(bao)括ACPD100，ACPD200，適用于交(jiao)流(liu)電壓(ya)高(gao)于690V，直(zhi)流(liu)電壓(ya)高(gao)于800V的IT配(pei)電系統。

6技術參數

6.1絕緣監測儀(yi)技術(shu)參(can)數

6.2測試(shi)信號發(fa)生器(qi)技術(shu)參數

6.3絕緣故障定(ding)位(wei)儀(yi)技術參數

6.4 AKH-0.66L系列電流互感器技術參(can)數

6.5絕緣(yuan)監測耦合儀技術參數

7結語

通過分(fen)析供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)發(fa)生接(jie)地故障后的(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)故障信息及其特征規律，對(dui)常用的(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)算法(fa)進行(xing)比(bi)較評價，在(zai)(zai)此基礎(chu)上研究動力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)參數(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)線監(jian)測的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，提出用附加(jia)低頻信號電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)進行(xing)動力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)參數(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)線監(jian)測的(de)(de)方(fang)案(an)，建(jian)立動力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)分(fen)布參數(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)據庫，利(li)用零序功率方(fang)向(xiang)原(yuan)理實現(xian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)接(jie)地保護。絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)線監(jian)測系(xi)(xi)統(tong)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)網處于(yu)工作狀(zhuang)態下(xia)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)況進行(xing)在(zai)(zai)線監(jian)測，不(bu)僅能(neng)夠監(jian)測整個(ge)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)水平，而且(qie)可以監(jian)測每一分(fen)支電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)況，大(da)大(da)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)網安(an)全運(yun)行(xing)水平，取代預防性檢(jian)修，將由(you)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)薄弱(ruo)引(yin)發(fa)的(de)(de)故障現(xian)象消滅在(zai)(zai)萌芽狀(zhuang)態，具有重大(da)意(yi)義(yi)。

安科瑞侯文莉