摘要：近年來，我國大力(li)推進新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)共交(jiao)通(tong)的發展(zhan)(zhan)，制定(ding)了(le)一(yi)系列(lie)相關政策(ce)法規(gui)。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)設施的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)也得到了(le)發展(zhan)(zhan)和普及(ji)，其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)領域發揮(hui)著重要(yao)的保障作(zuo)(zuo)用。在(zai)(zai)(zai)當前，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的管(guan)理(li)還存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)許多(duo)短板，很大程度上是(shi)由(you)于這一(yi)行(xing)業還處(chu)于起步階段，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)管(guan)理(li)者要(yao)解決其(qi)中存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的問題。本文將(jiang)圍繞新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)運營管(guan)理(li)問題展(zhan)(zhan)開分(fen)析(xi)，針(zhen)對具體問題提(ti)(ti)出解決方案，使新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的管(guan)理(li)更加科學，從而為(wei)(wei)城市交(jiao)通(tong)的優化提(ti)(ti)供助力(li)。

關鍵詞：新能源(yuan)；充電樁；運營管理

0、引言

在日常出行中(zhong)(zhong)，各種交(jiao)(jiao)通工具已成(cheng)為(wei)了的(de)(de)(de)一部分。近年來，隨(sui)著國家對環境保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)不斷重視(shi)以(yi)及(ji)居(ju)民對生活(huo)環境和質量的(de)(de)(de)關注，電(dian)動交(jiao)(jiao)通工具成(cheng)為(wei)了人們的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)選(xuan)擇，在交(jiao)(jiao)通工具的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)比中(zhong)(zhong)越(yue)來越(yue)大。作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)動交(jiao)(jiao)通工具的(de)(de)(de)配套(tao)設(she)施，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源充電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)步(bu)伐也在日益加快(kuai)。如何(he)提高充電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)用效率，*大限度(du)滿足交(jiao)(jiao)通工具的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)要求，成(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源充電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)管理者要解決的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，下文主(zhu)要圍繞這一主(zhu)題展開論述。

1、新(xin)能源(yuan)充電樁運營管(guan)理現狀

1.1區域分(fen)布不均(jun)勻

由于新(xin)能源(yuan)交通工具廣泛應用的時(shi)間較短，因(yin)此(ci)在各項設(she)施的配備上(shang)都(dou)存在著(zhu)一(yi)定的問題。其中，新(xin)能源(yuan)充(chong)電樁區(qu)域(yu)分(fen)布不均(jun)勻(yun)就是一(yi)個比較顯著(zhu)的問題。雖然建設(she)了一(yi)些(xie)(xie)充(chong)電站(zhan)，但其數量(liang)(liang)不多，且分(fen)布較遠，不能便利車主(zhu)及時(shi)進行充(chong)電。在人流量(liang)(liang)較大的商業或辦(ban)公密集區(qu)，充(chong)電樁數量(liang)(liang)較少，無法(fa)滿足充(chong)電需(xu)求。同時(shi)，大部分(fen)的停(ting)(ting)車場并沒有加(jia)裝充(chong)電樁，使得車主(zhu)無法(fa)做到(dao)隨停(ting)(ting)隨充(chong)，在一(yi)定程度上(shang)降低了停(ting)(ting)車場的使用效(xiao)率。這些(xie)(xie)因(yin)素，無不限制了新(xin)能源(yuan)電動汽車的發展(zhan)。

1.2收取費用較高

在(zai)當(dang)前，環(huan)保(bao)已經(jing)成為國家與(yu)民(min)眾的(de)(de)共同追求，因此(ci)許多人選(xuan)擇購買更加(jia)(jia)清(qing)潔環(huan)保(bao)的(de)(de)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)。這在(zai)一定程度上降低了(le)污染環(huan)境的(de)(de)廢氣排放，但也增加(jia)(jia)了(le)充(chong)(chong)電需求，與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電的(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)也在(zai)不斷提(ti)升。就(jiu)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)而(er)言(yan)，充(chong)(chong)電費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)包含服務(wu)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)和基(ji)礎電費(fei)(fei)兩個部(bu)分(fen)。基(ji)礎電費(fei)(fei)往往波動較小，按度數進(jin)行收費(fei)(fei)，但服務(wu)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)卻有著較大的(de)(de)跨度，不同區域差(cha)異顯著。并且，在(zai)停車(che)(che)場進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)，還需要繳納(na)一部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)停車(che)(che)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，這對于(yu)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)主來說，無疑增加(jia)(jia)了(le)整體(ti)的(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)支出。

1.3維護不及時

新(xin)能(neng)源充(chong)電樁(zhuang)需要(yao)定期進行維(wei)護和(he)保養，老(lao)舊(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)也需要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)進行更換(huan)。盡管當前充(chong)電樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)速度(du)已基本滿足需求，但(dan)對于老(lao)舊(jiu)(jiu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護和(he)保養，對故障的(de)(de)(de)維(wei)修和(he)排查，卻并(bing)沒有跟上建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)，從(cong)(cong)而產生了維(wei)護不及(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)問題。同時(shi)，由(you)于管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)疏忽，停車(che)場充(chong)電樁(zhuang)無人看管，從(cong)(cong)而使(shi)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)成了燃油車(che)主的(de)(de)(de)停車(che)位，一定程度(du)上降低了充(chong)電樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用效率，影響到新(xin)能(neng)源汽車(che)車(che)主的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用體驗(yan)。

2、新能(neng)源充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁用戶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)行為分析

2.1充電場所集中

從居民的(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)時間(jian)和地點(dian)來看(kan)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)車(che)(che)主(zhu)的(de)固定充(chong)(chong)電(dian)地點(dian)，大(da)多(duo)集中(zhong)(zhong)在工作地點(dian)的(de)附(fu)近，這符合車(che)(che)主(zhu)的(de)日(ri)常(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)需(xu)求(qiu)。在節假(jia)日(ri)期間(jian)，消費場所(suo)和休閑娛(yu)樂場所(suo)附(fu)近充(chong)(chong)電(dian)站使(shi)用率(lv)較(jiao)高，與車(che)(che)主(zhu)的(de)日(ri)常(chang)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)緊密(mi)聯系在一起。同時，在中(zhong)(zhong)長途(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，大(da)部分的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)主(zhu)需(xu)要在服務(wu)區(qu)進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，這反映出(chu)(chu)(chu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)車(che)(che)主(zhu)高速出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)。從這些現象當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，可以發現，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)仍然存在著續(xu)航能(neng)力(li)較(jiao)弱的(de)問題，這進而引(yin)發了(le)車(che)(che)主(zhu)的(de)焦慮，只有確保途(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)夠臨時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，才能(neng)使(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)不受(shou)影響。

2.2充電時間呈(cheng)三段式

從(cong)用戶充電時間來(lai)看，新能源汽車的(de)充電時間，呈三(san)段(duan)式分(fen)(fen)布(bu)，且與(yu)生活(huo)用電高峰期一(yi)致。從(cong)區(qu)域(yu)來(lai)看，市(shi)中(zhong)心(xin)。總體上看，中(zhong)午是(shi)*為集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)充電時段(duan)。盡(jin)管(guan)部分(fen)(fen)地區(qu)采用了“削峰填谷"的(de)電價(jia)計算方式，但由(you)于差價(jia)不大，未能產(chan)生顯著的(de)影響，對車主的(de)引導能力有限。盡(jin)管(guan)區(qu)域(yu)間存(cun)在一(yi)定(ding)的(de)差別，但從(cong)總體趨勢上看，三(san)段(duan)式的(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)是(shi)比較明顯的(de)。

2.3平均(jun)充電時長短

充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)長(chang)(chang)也是(shi)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)充(chong)(chong)電行為的一個(ge)重要表(biao)現(xian)。相關數據顯示，有幾乎一半的車(che)主，充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)長(chang)(chang)在30分(fen)鐘以內。出(chu)現(xian)這一現(xian)象的原因是(shi)多樣(yang)的，比(bi)如停車(che)場的免費(fei)停車(che)時(shi)間(jian)、用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)自身的時(shi)間(jian)規(gui)劃等(deng)。只(zhi)有不到一半的車(che)主，能夠等(deng)待汽車(che)電量充(chong)(chong)滿。與之相對(dui)應，高(gao)速服(fu)務站的充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)長(chang)(chang)會略高(gao)于城區，大約為40分(fen)鐘，這主要是(shi)由(you)于路(lu)程較(jiao)(jiao)長(chang)(chang)，且時(shi)間(jian)較(jiao)(jiao)為寬裕，才(cai)出(chu)現(xian)這樣(yang)的狀況(kuang)。

3、新能源充電樁(zhuang)運營管(guan)理方案設計

3.1優化充電樁分布(bu)區域

從現有公共交通(tong)設施的情況(kuang)來看，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)顯(xian)然是不夠(gou)均勻的，優(you)化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)可以(yi)從以(yi)下幾個方面著手(shou)：首先，充(chong)(chong)分(fen)利(li)用已有資(zi)源，擴建(jian)現有停(ting)車(che)場(chang)，并在現有停(ting)車(che)場(chang)加裝充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁，盡(jin)量做到(dao)隨停(ting)隨充(chong)(chong)，以(yi)避免集(ji)中到(dao)某些(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站，造成擁堵狀(zhuang)況(kuang)。其次，在各類政(zheng)府(fu)層面可以(yi)提供相應的政(zheng)策保障，比如簡化停(ting)車(che)場(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁建(jian)設的審(shen)批手(shou)續(xu)，提高停(ting)車(che)場(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁的數量。通(tong)過這些(xie)方式，能夠(gou)在一定(ding)程度上(shang)緩(huan)解充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)不均勻的情況(kuang)。

3.2優化運(yun)營管理模式(shi)

優化(hua)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)模式(shi)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在很(hen)大(da)(da)程度上解(jie)決充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)維(wei)護(hu)不(bu)及時(shi)的(de)狀況(kuang)，要(yao)(yao)做到優化(hua)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，則主要(yao)(yao)依(yi)托于(yu)共(gong)享機制，主要(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)是將(jiang)私人充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)引入到各大(da)(da)停(ting)車場和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站中(zhong)。私人充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)引入，可(ke)以在一(yi)定程度上緩解(jie)現存供電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓力，釋放(fang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)潛(qian)能(neng)(neng)。對其進(jin)行(xing)統一(yi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，合理(li)調配，一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)提升(sheng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率，另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面也能(neng)(neng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)所有(you)者帶來經濟(ji)效益，提高其意愿，進(jin)而實現雙贏局(ju)面。與此同時(shi)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)平臺也應該鼓勵運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)商(shang)與各大(da)(da)停(ting)車場共(gong)同制定策略，共(gong)同促進(jin)發展，管(guan)(guan)理(li)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)建設和(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)。通過上述方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，方(fang)(fang)能(neng)(neng)真正實現在共(gong)享機制下(xia)優化(hua)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)模式(shi)的(de)作用。

3.3制定(ding)相應的補貼政策

新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)交通工具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，符合國家可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念，因此(ci)得到支(zhi)持(chi)和(he)推廣。但由(you)前文可(ke)(ke)知，部(bu)分停(ting)車(che)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)費用(yong)較高，這增(zeng)加了新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)車(che)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)負擔。為了解決這個問題(ti)，可(ke)(ke)采取制定(ding)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)政(zheng)策這一措施。在進(jin)行具(ju)體規劃時，應(ying)該充(chong)(chong)分了解新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體概況，結合現有需求和(he)未(wei)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長態(tai)勢(shi)，明確補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大致范圍，除了現金補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)外，應(ying)當積極拓(tuo)展和(he)豐富補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)方式，實現停(ting)車(che)場充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)運(yun)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)發展。同(tong)時，由(you)于城區與郊區存(cun)在著(zhu)顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異，補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)政(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制定(ding)也(ye)應(ying)該具(ju)體問題(ti)具(ju)體分析。針對能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)領取補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)營(ying)商和(he)停(ting)車(che)場，應(ying)制定(ding)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考量和(he)核查標(biao)準，如此(ci)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)政(zheng)策真(zhen)正(zheng)發揮作用(yong)。

4充電樁智能監控系統的設計

4.1硬件框架組成

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源為(wei)380V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經過(guo)對交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)行整(zheng)流(liu)、濾波和穩(wen)壓等(deng)措施(shi)就(jiu)變成直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。能夠(gou)(gou)供給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。想要(yao)完成充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還(huan)需要(yao) IC卡識(shi)別(bie)模塊(kuai)．這個模塊(kuai)的(de)設(she)計(ji)能夠(gou)(gou)讓用戶激活充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。讀卡器(qi)將會(hui)識(shi)別(bie)出IC卡上的(de)用戶信(xin)息，識(shi)別(bie)完成后(hou)能夠(gou)(gou)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)個人信(xin)息、余額等(deng)。而狀態顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)模塊(kuai)則用來(lai)將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)狀態 信(xin)息充(chong)分顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)出來(lai)。硬件系統(tong)包括了主控(kong)板、檢測芯片、IC讀卡器(qi)以及顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)屏、鍵(jian)盤等(deng)設(she)備。建設(she)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中。其樁(zhuang)(zhuang)體材料的(de)選擇應該以鍍(du)鋅銅(tong)板優先(xian)，考慮到防(fang)潮防(fang)水(shui)性能，還(huan)應該保證材料的(de)防(fang)水(shui)性能，以保證充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)潮濕天氣下也能夠(gou)(gou)正常(chang)使(shi)用。

4.2充電樁智能監控系統(tong)的軟件(jian)構成

當需(xu)要給(gei)(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時．只需(xu)要將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插1：1連接到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)手柄．通(tong)(tong)過讀卡器識別戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IC卡以將充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)激活(huo)：如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插口和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)手柄沒有進(jin)(jin)行正常連接將會(hui)進(jin)(jin)行提(ti)示(shi)(shi)和報警。完成身份識別后，用(yong)戶(hu)可(ke)以進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇，同(tong)時在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)將會(hui)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)被檢測(ce)到(dao)不對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，同(tong)樣會(hui)提(ti)示(shi)(shi)和報警。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)也會(hui)通(tong)(tong)過顯示(shi)(shi)屏(ping)給(gei)(gei)用(yong)戶(hu)一些選(xuan)(xuan)擇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議(yi)。如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇被檢測(ce)到(dao)是正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)將會(hui)進(jin)(jin)行正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)給(gei)(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯示(shi)(shi)屏(ping)將會(hui)顯示(shi)(shi)出用(yong)戶(hu)信息、用(yong)戶(hu)卡上余(yu)額(e)、已經充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)得(de)時間以及充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成剩余(yu)時間等信息。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)將會(hui)發出提(ti)示(shi)(shi)，用(yong)戶(hu)IC卡停(ting)止計費，將票據通(tong)(tong)過打(da)印(yin)(yin)機打(da)印(yin)(yin)出來，等到(dao)用(yong)戶(hu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)一同(tong)離開后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)就會(hui)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)到(dao)自動(dong)(dong)鎖定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，直(zhi)到(dao)下一個(ge)用(yong)戶(hu)激活(huo)為止。以上步(bu)驟是智能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常使(shi)用(yong)程序。

5 安科瑞充電樁收費運營云平臺

5.1概述

AcrelCloud-9000安科瑞充(chong)電(dian)(dian)柱收費運營(ying)云平臺(tai)系統通過物聯網技(ji)術對接入系統的電(dian)(dian)動電(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站以及各(ge)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)整法行(xing)(xing)不間斷(duan)地數據采集(ji)和監控(kong)，實時監控(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁運行(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)服務、支付(fu)管理，交易結算，資(zi)要管理、電(dian)(dian)能管理，明細查詢等(deng)(deng)。同(tong)時對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機過溫保(bao)護、漏電(dian)(dian)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機輸入/輸出過壓(ya)(ya)，欠壓(ya)(ya)，絕緣低各(ge)類(lei)故障(zhang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)預警；充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁支持以太網、4G或(huo)WIFI等(deng)(deng)方式接入互聯網，用(yong)戶通過微(wei)信、支付(fu)寶(bao)，云閃付(fu)掃碼充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

5.2應用場所

適用于民(min)用建(jian)筑、一般工業(ye)建(jian)筑、居住小區、實業(ye)單位、商(shang)業(ye)綜合體(ti)、學校、園(yuan)區等充(chong)電(dian)樁模式(shi)的充(chong)電(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)設(she)計。

5.3系統結構

5.3.1系(xi)統分為四層：

1）即數據(ju)采(cai)集層(ceng)、網絡傳輸層(ceng)、數據(ju)中心層(ceng)和客(ke)戶(hu)端層(ceng)。

2）數據(ju)采集層：包括電(dian)瓶車智(zhi)能充電(dian)樁通(tong)訊協議為標準modbus-rtu。電(dian)瓶車智(zhi)能充電(dian)樁用于采集充電(dian)回路的電(dian)力參(can)數，并進行電(dian)能計量(liang)和保護。

3）網絡傳(chuan)輸層：通過4G網絡將數據上傳(chuan)至(zhi)搭建好(hao)的數據庫服務器。

4）數(shu)據(ju)中心層(ceng)：包含應用服務(wu)器(qi)和(he)數(shu)據(ju)服務(wu)器(qi)，應用服務(wu)器(qi)部署數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)集服務(wu)、WEB網站，數(shu)據(ju)服務(wu)器(qi)部署實時數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)、歷史數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)、基(ji)礎數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)。

5）應(ying)客戶端層(ceng)：系統管(guan)理員可在(zai)瀏覽器(qi)中訪問電瓶車充(chong)電樁(zhuang)收費平(ping)臺(tai)。終端充(chong)電用戶通過(guo)刷卡(ka)掃碼的方式啟(qi)動充(chong)電。

小(xiao)區充(chong)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)臺功能(neng)主要涵蓋(gai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施智能(neng)化大屏、實時監控、交易管(guan)理(li)、故障(zhang)管(guan)理(li)、統計(ji)分析、基(ji)礎數(shu)據管(guan)理(li)等(deng)功能(neng)，同(tong)時為運維人(ren)員提供(gong)運維APP，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)用(yong)戶提供(gong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)小(xiao)程序。

5.4安(an)科瑞充電樁云平臺系統功能

5.4.1智能化大屏

智能(neng)化(hua)大屏展示站點分(fen)布情況，對設備狀(zhuang)態、設備使(shi)用(yong)率、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數(shu)、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時長、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)金(jin)額、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度數(shu)、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁故(gu)障等進行統計顯示，同時可查看每個站點的站點信息、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁列(lie)表、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)記錄(lu)、收益、能(neng)耗、故(gu)障記錄(lu)等。統一管(guan)理小(xiao)區充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，查看設備使(shi)用(yong)率，合理分(fen)配資源。

5.4.2.實時監控

實時監視充電設施運行狀況，主要包括充電樁運行狀態、回路狀態、充電過程中的充電電量、充電電壓/電流，充電樁告警信息等。

5.4.3交易管理

平臺管理(li)人員可(ke)管理(li)充(chong)電(dian)用戶賬戶，對(dui)其進(jin)行賬戶進(jin)行充(chong)值、退(tui)款、凍結、注銷等操作，可(ke)查看小(xiao)區用戶每(mei)日的(de)充(chong)電(dian)交易(yi)詳細信息。

5.4.4故障管理

設備自動上報(bao)故(gu)障(zhang)信(xin)息，平(ping)臺管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)通過(guo)平(ping)臺查(cha)看(kan)故(gu)障(zhang)信(xin)息并(bing)進行派發處理(li)，同時運(yun)維人(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)通過(guo)運(yun)維APP收取故(gu)障(zhang)推送，運(yun)維人(ren)員(yuan)在運(yun)維工作(zuo)完成后將結果上報(bao)。充電用戶(hu)也可(ke)通過(guo)充電小(xiao)程序反(fan)饋現場問(wen)題。

5.4.5統計分析

通過系統(tong)平臺，從充(chong)(chong)電站點、充(chong)(chong)電設施(shi)、、充(chong)(chong)電時間、充(chong)(chong)電方(fang)式等不同角度(du)，查詢(xun)充(chong)(chong)電交易統(tong)計信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、能耗統(tong)計信(xin)息(xi)(xi)等。

5.4.6基(ji)礎數(shu)據管理

在系統平臺建立運營商戶，運營商可建立和管理其運營所需站點和充電設施，維護充電設施信息、價格策略、折扣、優惠活動，同時可管理在線卡用戶充值、 凍結和解綁。

5.4.7運維APP

面向運維人員(yuan)使用，可(ke)以對(dui)站(zhan)點和充電樁進(jin)行(xing)管理(li)、能夠進(jin)行(xing)故障(zhang)閉環處(chu)理(li)、查(cha)詢(xun)流量卡使用情況、查(cha)詢(xun)充電\充值情況，進(jin)行(xing)遠程(cheng)參數(shu)設置，同(tong)時可(ke)接收故障(zhang)推送

5.4.8充電小程序

面向充(chong)電用戶(hu)(hu)使(shi)用，可查看附(fu)近空閑設備，主要包含掃碼充(chong)電、賬戶(hu)(hu)充(chong)值(zhi)，充(chong)電卡綁(bang)定、交易查詢、故障申訴(su)等(deng)功能。

5.5系統硬件配置

6結束語

綜(zong)上所述，新(xin)(xin)能源交通工具已經(jing)成為未(wei)來(lai)交通行業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)趨勢(shi)，與之相(xiang)適應(ying)，新(xin)(xin)能源充電(dian)樁(zhuang)也應(ying)當不(bu)斷(duan)完善和(he)發展(zhan)。由上文可知，我國當前新(xin)(xin)能源充電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)營管理(li)還處于(yu)起(qi)步階(jie)段，通過對其中(zhong)存(cun)在的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)進行分(fen)析，本(ben)文提出從優(you)化(hua)(hua)充電(dian)樁(zhuang)分(fen)布區域、優(you)化(hua)(hua)運(yun)(yun)營管理(li)模式和(he)制定相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)補貼政(zheng)策三個(ge)方(fang)面，來(lai)解決(jue)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。相(xiang)信(xin)隨著(zhu)技術的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)發展(zhan)以及管理(li)模式的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)優(you)化(hua)(hua)，新(xin)(xin)能源充電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)營管理(li)一定能在未(wei)來(lai)邁上一個(ge)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)臺階(jie)。

安科瑞侯文莉