摘要：大力發(fa)展(zhan)和推廣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)是(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)新能(neng)源、清潔能(neng)源以應對日益(yi)突(tu)出的燃(ran)油供求矛盾和環境(jing)污染問題，加大生態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護治理力度的措施之一(yi)，由此(ci)加速了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的發(fa)展(zhan)速度，現今電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)已走進(jin)千家(jia)萬戶，與(yu)之配(pei)(pei)套使用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁也(ye)隨之普及(ji)，交(jiao)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁是(shi)(shi)(shi)采用傳(chuan)導充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式為具有(you)車(che)載充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)提供交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的裝置，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的供配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計是(shi)(shi)(shi)確保(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)全，及(ji)排(pai)除消防安(an)(an)全隱(yin)患(huan)的有(you)力保(bao)(bao)障。基于此(ci)，本文對新能(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁選型與(yu)安(an)(an)裝進(jin)行(xing)研究，以供參考。

關鍵詞：新能源；電動(dong)汽(qi)車；充電樁(zhuang)；選型；安裝

0引言

汽(qi)車(che)(che)在(zai)便(bian)捷人們生活方面有著重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作用，但是(shi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)大量使用一方面造成了城市(shi)交通擁堵(du)，另一方面對(dui)環境產生了污染。就經濟可持(chi)續發展來看，汽(qi)車(che)(che)污染問(wen)題(ti)要(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)得到解決(jue)，所以在(zai)現階段，新能源汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)研發在(zai)持(chi)續性深入(ru)。電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)相比于(yu)傳統燃油汽(qi)車(che)(che)，能源利用更加的(de)(de)(de)清潔，只(zhi)是(shi)在(zai)使用的(de)(de)(de)過程中會發生蓄能問(wen)題(ti)。所以在(zai)當前的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)實(shi)際研究中，續航問(wen)題(ti)成為了研究的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。

1充電(dian)樁配建(jian)標準及(ji)發展趨勢(shi)

國家(jia)發行的(de)(de)[2015]73號文件(jian)明確(que)了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)基本原則：“統籌規劃、科學布局；適度超前(qian)、有序(xu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)；統一標準、通用(yong)開放；依托市場(chang)、創新機制"，原則上(shang)，新建(jian)(jian)住宅(zhai)配建(jian)(jian)停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)(che)位應100%建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)或預留建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)安裝(zhuang)條(tiao)件(jian)，大(da)(da)型(xing)公共(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物配建(jian)(jian)停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)、社會公共(gong)停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)或預留建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)安裝(zhuang)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)位比(bi)例不(bu)低于10%，每2000輛電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)至少配套建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)一座公共(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。湖(hu)(hu)北省為了(le)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)開發新能(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)新能(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)地(di)(di)(di)納(na)入(ru)土地(di)(di)(di)綜合利(li)用(yong)總體(ti)計(ji)劃和(he)(he)(he)年度土地(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)計(ji)劃中，制定了(le)一系列支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)政(zheng)策(ce)，包括(kuo)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)網項(xiang)目建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)地(di)(di)(di)提供擔保和(he)(he)(he)優(you)惠(hui)。武(wu)漢還要求(qiu)規劃和(he)(he)(he)配置新住宅(zhai)和(he)(he)(he)公共(gong)大(da)(da)型(xing)停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)占20%的(de)(de)比(bi)例的(de)(de)新能(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。其他部分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)方也相應地(di)(di)(di)陸續引進附(fu)帶措施(shi)(shi)，要求(qiu)對新建(jian)(jian)住宅(zhai)區的(de)(de)新能(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)標準提出要求(qiu)。湖(hu)(hu)北省發表(biao)的(de)(de)“湖(hu)(hu)北能(neng)源開發"表(biao)示，將(jiang)加(jia)快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。堅持(chi)(chi)能(neng)源互聯網發展概念作為滿(man)足城(cheng)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)起點，采用(yong)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網技術(shu)，構建(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)交(jiao)互式(shi)服務平臺，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)410個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)約(yue)19萬個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。擴大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)改(gai)造(zao)，確(que)保充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)無障礙，確(que)保供電(dian)(dian)(dian)順利(li)，滿(man)足充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)運營要求(qiu)。

2電(dian)動汽車的(de)充電(dian)方(fang)式和建(jian)設充電(dian)監控系統的(de)必要性分析

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車在目前(qian)的(de)社會中得到了廣泛的(de)利用(yong)，但是(shi)續(xu)航(hang)問(wen)題(ti)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)問(wen)題(ti)一直困(kun)擾著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)發展。現(xian)階段，不少企業提出(chu)利用(yong)智能充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)來(lai)解(jie)決(jue)續(xu)航(hang)問(wen)題(ti)，但是(shi)在具體推出(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)之后發現(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)整(zheng)體性管(guan)理(li)成(cheng)本較高，而且在使(shi)用(yong)中容(rong)易出(chu)現(xian)安全(quan)事故。出(chu)于對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)安全(quan)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)考慮，也(ye)重視了充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)運營管(guan)理(li)成(cheng)本問(wen)題(ti)，做智能充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)建設，并在智能充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)設計的(de)時候(hou)強化監控系統(tong)的(de)構(gou)建，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)，監控系統(tong)實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)本身(shen)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)監測與控制(zhi)，這(zhe)(zhe)不僅為汽(qi)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)提供了保證(zheng)，對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)管(guan)理(li)提升也(ye)有(you)意義(yi)。簡而言之，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法和(he)建設充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)監控系統(tong)的(de)必要(yao)性顯著。

3電(dian)動汽車充電(dian)樁分類

3.1直流充電樁

直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)更適用于出(chu)租車(che)、大巴、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)轎車(che)、混(hun)合動(dong)(dong)力公交車(che)等大型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，功(gong)率較大，在(zai)建設(she)過程中需注(zhu)重對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)保護，一般(ban)建設(she)在(zai)大型停車(che)場。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)三相(xiang)四線380VAC±10%，頻率為(wei)(wei)50Hz±5%。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)具有(you)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)能力，即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于0.2C。根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量C，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)0.1C-0.2C之(zhi)間時(shi)，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)慢速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于0.2C，小于0.8C則是(shi)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于0.8C時(shi)，稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)很(hen)高速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，需對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池狀態監控，可根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行自動(dong)(dong)調(diao)整(zheng)，具備報警與保護功(gong)能。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是(shi)采用傳導充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方(fang)式，具有(you)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度快(kuai)的(de)(de)優點。

3.2交流樁

交流充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是給帶(dai)有(you)車載充電(dian)(dian)機的電(dian)(dian)動汽車提供電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，不(bu)調節輸出，由于電(dian)(dian)動汽車車載充電(dian)(dian)機的功率一般(ban)都(dou)比(bi)較(jiao)小，所以(yi)交流充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)無法實現(xian)快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)。

3.3交直流一(yi)體充(chong)電樁

交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)一體充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁同(tong)時(shi)具備交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)及直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)，可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)白天業務量多時(shi)選擇直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)(zai)夜晚業務少時(shi)選擇交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)進行(xing)(xing)慢速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。需(xu)具備為(wei)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統安(an)(an)全(quan)、自動充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)功能(neng)，減少在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)傷害。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式可(ke)以分(fen)為(wei)定(ding)時(shi)、定(ding)量和智能(neng)三(san)種模式。為(wei)確保(bao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁安(an)(an)全(quan)可(ke)靠運行(xing)(xing)，需(xu)設置漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路、過(guo)流(liu)(liu)等保(bao)護功能(neng)。交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)一體充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁更為(wei)智能(neng)化。

4充(chong)電樁的安(an)裝注意事項

（1）要(yao)(yao)保證電動汽(qi)車(che)和(he)充(chong)電樁之(zhi)間(jian)的安(an)全距(ju)離(li)。充(chong)電樁安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)汽(qi)車(che)側面(mian)，且(qie)門未打(da)開時(shi)，充(chong)電樁外(wai)(wai)部(bu)輪(lun)(lun)廓（包括(kuo)防撞設施）在(zai)電動汽(qi)車(che)頭(tou)部(bu)不能(neng)小(xiao)于(yu)0.4米(mi)，充(chong)電設備安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)車(che)尾(wei)時(shi)，充(chong)電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置外(wai)(wai)部(bu)輪(lun)(lun)廓（包括(kuo)防撞設施）在(zai)電動汽(qi)車(che)頭(tou)部(bu)要(yao)(yao)小(xiao)于(yu)0.5米(mi)。（2）充(chong)電樁樁的安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)保留維(wei)護和(he)運營空間(jian)，維(wei)護工作(zuo)平面(mian)與建筑物（結構(gou)）建筑物之(zhi)間(jian)的距(ju)離(li)要(yao)(yao)小(xiao)于(yu)0.8米(mi)。（3）充(chong)電樁在(zai)采用落地安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方式時(shi)要(yao)(yao)滿足以下要(yao)(yao)求：①充(chong)電樁基礎要(yao)(yao)提高(gao)，高(gao)出地面(mian)50mm至100mm，室外(wai)(wai)應高(gao)出充(chong)電站地坪200mm及以上。②基座要(yao)(yao)大(da)于(yu)充(chong)電設備的長寬外(wai)(wai)輪(lun)(lun)廓，大(da)小(xiao)要(yao)(yao)大(da)于(yu)50mm以上。（4）充(chong)電樁采用壁掛安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方式時(shi)滿足以下要(yao)(yao)求：①應垂直于(yu)地平面(mian)的墻壁安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，墻面(mian)符合承載(zai)要(yao)(yao)求，充(chong)電樁要(yao)(yao)確保緊固到(dao)位。②設備安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)高(gao)度應易于(yu)操作(zuo)，設備人機(ji)接口操作(zuo)區(qu)水平線(xian)應距(ju)地面(mian)1.5米(mi)。

5電(dian)動汽(qi)車充電(dian)樁的運營管理

5.1建立一體化服務網(wang)絡

電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)充電(dian)(dian)樁應(ying)建立一體化服務網絡(luo)，為(wei)車(che)(che)(che)主、新能(neng)源汽車(che)(che)(che)企業、相關部門提供信息資源綜合性的服務。可以各城市為(wei)單(dan)位，充電(dian)(dian)樁運營(ying)（監管(guan)）為(wei)主控，由充電(dian)(dian)樁（站）的基(ji)礎信息數據(ju)(ju)與運營(ying)數據(ju)(ju)等組成應(ying)用(yong)網絡(luo)。建立智能(neng)化數據(ju)(ju)庫，應(ying)設置實時數據(ju)(ju)庫和歷史(shi)數據(ju)(ju)庫，智能(neng)系統中包含(han)的實體主要有(you)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)、充電(dian)(dian)站、充電(dian)(dian)樁、用(yong)戶、賬戶。

5.2履職(zhi)盡(jin)責，增強業主（車主）安全意(yi)識

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)管理(li)工作中重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)是提(ti)高業主的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)觀念，增加(jia)(jia)應對事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)。作為房地產服務業，應該開展以(yi)下幾項(xiang)工作：一是通過(guo)組織(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)者(zhe)觀看安(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育視頻、照片、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程安(an)全(quan)(quan)知識資(zi)料、微信分(fen)享案例等形式進行宣傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)育，與主要節(jie)日一起(qi)在社區開展社區活動，提(ti)高對新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)要性的(de)(de)(de)認識，以(yi)及讓(rang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)者(zhe)了解(jie)和(he)(he)掌握新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)常識。二(er)是實行安(an)全(quan)(quan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)責(ze)任制。房地產服務企業通過(guo)簽署業主和(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備責(ze)任單位的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)協(xie)議，可以(yi)更加(jia)(jia)明確(que)地規范充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)責(ze)任和(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)要求，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任感(gan)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)實施新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)規則和(he)(he)制度。

5.3智能充(chong)電樁的性能測(ce)試(shi)

智(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的具(ju)(ju)體(ti)運行對于(yu)解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)問(wen)題而言(yan)有重(zhong)要的作用(yong)，對某城市15個智(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的具(ju)(ju)體(ti)利用(yong)做(zuo)定點監控和分析發現(xian)(xian)其在性能(neng)方面表現(xian)(xian)出了兩大優勢(shi)：一(yi)是智(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的具(ju)(ju)體(ti)利用(yong)更加(jia)的便捷(jie)，而且整個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程智(zhi)能(neng)。用(yong)戶僅(jin)僅(jin)需要做(zuo)身份的認(ren)證，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)便能(neng)夠實現(xian)(xian)自動化，這對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的續(xu)航問(wen)題解(jie)決有重(zhong)要的意(yi)義。二是智(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的利用(yong)安全性十分的顯(xian)著。

6安科瑞(rui)充電樁收(shou)費運營云平臺

6.1概述

AcrelCloud-9000安科瑞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)柱收(shou)費運營云平臺系(xi)(xi)統通(tong)過物聯(lian)網(wang)技術對接入系(xi)(xi)統的電(dian)動電(dian)動自行車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)站以及各個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)整法行不間斷地數據采(cai)集和監(jian)控(kong)，實(shi)時監(jian)控(kong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁運行狀態，進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)服務、支付(fu)(fu)管理，交(jiao)易結算(suan)，資(zi)要管理、電(dian)能管理，明細查詢(xun)等。同時對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)過溫(wen)保護(hu)、漏電(dian)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)入/輸(shu)出(chu)過壓，欠壓，絕緣(yuan)低(di)各類故(gu)障進(jin)行預警；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁支持(chi)以太(tai)網(wang)、4G或WIFI等方式接入互聯(lian)網(wang)，用(yong)戶通(tong)過微信、支付(fu)(fu)寶，云閃付(fu)(fu)掃碼充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

6.2應用場所

適(shi)用(yong)于民(min)用(yong)建筑、一般工(gong)業建筑、居住小(xiao)區(qu)、實業單位、商(shang)業綜合(he)體、學校、園區(qu)等充電樁模式的(de)充電基礎(chu)設(she)施設(she)計。

6.3系統結構

6.3.1系統分(fen)為四層(ceng)：

1）即數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)集層(ceng)、網(wang)絡(luo)傳輸層(ceng)、數(shu)據(ju)中心層(ceng)和客戶端層(ceng)。

2）數(shu)據(ju)采集層：包(bao)括電(dian)瓶車(che)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充電(dian)樁通訊協議為標準modbus-rtu。電(dian)瓶車(che)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充電(dian)樁用于采集充電(dian)回(hui)路的(de)電(dian)力參(can)數(shu)，并進行(xing)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)計(ji)量和保護。

3）網(wang)絡傳輸層：通過4G網(wang)絡將(jiang)數(shu)據上傳至搭(da)建(jian)好的數(shu)據庫(ku)服務器。

4）數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)中心層：包含應用(yong)服務器和數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)服務器，應用(yong)服務器部署(shu)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)采集(ji)服務、WEB網站，數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)服務器部署(shu)實時數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)、歷史數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)、基礎(chu)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)。

5）應客戶(hu)端(duan)層：系(xi)統(tong)管理員可在(zai)瀏(liu)覽器中(zhong)訪(fang)問電(dian)瓶車充電(dian)樁收(shou)費平臺。終(zhong)端(duan)充電(dian)用戶(hu)通過(guo)刷卡掃碼的方式啟(qi)動(dong)充電(dian)。

小(xiao)(xiao)區充電(dian)(dian)平臺功(gong)能主要涵蓋充電(dian)(dian)設施智能化大屏(ping)、實(shi)時監控、交易管理、故障管理、統計(ji)分析、基礎數據(ju)管理等功(gong)能，同(tong)時為(wei)運維人員提供運維APP，充電(dian)(dian)用戶提供充電(dian)(dian)小(xiao)(xiao)程序。

6.4安科瑞充電樁(zhuang)云平臺系統功能(neng)

6.4.1智能化(hua)大屏

智能(neng)化大屏(ping)展示(shi)站點(dian)分(fen)布情況，對設備(bei)狀(zhuang)態(tai)、設備(bei)使(shi)用(yong)率、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數(shu)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)長、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)金(jin)額、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度數(shu)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁故障等進行統計顯示(shi)，同(tong)時(shi)可查(cha)看每個站點(dian)的站點(dian)信(xin)息、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁列表、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)記錄(lu)、收益、能(neng)耗、故障記錄(lu)等。統一管理(li)小區充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，查(cha)看設備(bei)使(shi)用(yong)率，合理(li)分(fen)配資(zi)源。

6.4.2.實時監控

實時監視(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施運行狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況，主要包(bao)括充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁運行狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態、回路狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓/電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁告警信息等。

6.4.3交易管理

平臺管(guan)理人(ren)員可(ke)管(guan)理充(chong)電用戶賬戶，對(dui)其(qi)進行賬戶進行充(chong)值(zhi)、退款、凍結、注銷等操作(zuo)，可(ke)查(cha)看小區(qu)用戶每日的充(chong)電交易(yi)詳細信(xin)息。

6.4.4故障管理

設(she)備自(zi)動上(shang)報故(gu)障信(xin)息，平臺管理人(ren)員(yuan)可通過(guo)平臺查看故(gu)障信(xin)息并進行(xing)派發處(chu)理，同(tong)時(shi)運(yun)(yun)維人(ren)員(yuan)可通過(guo)運(yun)(yun)維APP收取故(gu)障推送，運(yun)(yun)維人(ren)員(yuan)在運(yun)(yun)維工作完成后將結(jie)果上(shang)報。充電用戶也可通過(guo)充電小程序反(fan)饋現場問題(ti)。

6.4.5統計分析

通(tong)過系(xi)統平臺(tai)，從充電(dian)(dian)站點、充電(dian)(dian)設(she)施、、充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間、充電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)等不同角度，查詢充電(dian)(dian)交易統計信息、能耗統計信息等。

6.4.6基礎數據管理

在系統平臺建立運營商戶，運營商可建立和管理其運營所需站點和充電設施，維護充電設施信息、價格策略、折扣、優惠活動，同時可管理在線卡用戶充值、凍結和解綁。

6.4.7運維APP

面(mian)向(xiang)運(yun)維人員(yuan)使(shi)用，可以對站(zhan)點和(he)充電樁進行管理、能夠(gou)進行故(gu)障閉環處(chu)理、查詢流量卡使(shi)用情況、查詢充電\充值情況，進行遠程參數設置，同時可接收故(gu)障推(tui)送(song)。

6.4.8充電小程序

面向(xiang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)用戶使用，可查看附近空閑(xian)設備，主(zhu)要包含掃碼充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、賬戶充(chong)值，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)卡(ka)綁定、交易查詢、故障申訴等功(gong)能。

6.5系統硬件配置

7結語

近(jin)年來，新能源(yuan)(yuan)電動汽車迅速發(fa)展，充(chong)電設施(shi)不僅存在(zai)“沒有對外開放"，“不兼容電動汽車充(chong)電"，“使用成本高"等問題(ti)，影響了新能源(yuan)(yuan)電動汽車充(chong)電的(de)用戶體驗，急需(xu)加快建設充(chong)電基礎設施(shi)，這(zhe)是時代發(fa)展的(de)必要性(xing)。

參考文獻

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