【摘要(yao)】：火(huo)災(zai)時*先要(yao)保(bao)證的(de)是生(sheng)命(ming)安全(quan)，盡*大(da)努(nu)力保(bao)全(quan)人命(ming)大(da)于一切。人員(yuan)疏散本就是一個(ge)棘(ji)手(shou)的(de)問題，隨著我國經濟發展，樓層越(yue)來越(yue)高，建筑內的(de)人口密(mi)度越(yue)來越(yue)大(da)，一旦(dan)發生(sheng)火(huo)災(zai)， 人員(yuan)疏散的(de)難度很大(da)。火(huo)災(zai)時疏散通(tong)道上的(de)應(ying)(ying)急照明(ming)和疏散指示對人員(yuan)的(de)逃生(sheng)有著至關重要(yao)的(de)作用。設計者應(ying)(ying)重視消防應(ying)(ying)急照明(ming)和疏散指示系統的(de)設計，更應(ying)(ying)該合規、合理。

【關(guan)鍵詞(ci)】應急照(zhao)明(ming)；疏散指(zhi)示；規范(fan)；設(she)計

0.引言

消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明是為(wei)人員(yuan)疏散(san)和(he)發(fa)生(sheng)火(huo)災時仍(reng)需工作(zuo)的場所(suo)提供照(zhao)明的燈(deng)具，是建筑(zhu)電氣設計(ji)中的內容。2019年3月1日實(shi)施了消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明和(he)疏散(san)指(zhi)示系(xi)統(tong)(tong)技術(shu)標準(GB51309-2018)，比較(jiao)之前的消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明系(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)生(sheng)了較(jiao)大變化，以(yi)下筆者(zhe)對新的應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明和(he)疏散(san)指(zhi)示系(xi)統(tong)(tong)按自己(ji)的理解進行(xing)分析。

1.系統的分類

消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明和疏散指示(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)按燈(deng)(deng)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式分為集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和非集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設置(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，由應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)顯示(shi)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)源或應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明配(pei)電(dian)(dian)箱及(ji)其(qi)(qi)配(pei)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具工(gong)作(zuo)狀態，通俗來(lai)講就是(shi)設置(zhi)(zhi)一臺主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)以顯示(shi)樓(lou)內所有(you)(you)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)具、蓄電(dian)(dian)池等(deng)(deng)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)參數并(bing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)(er)非集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)未(wei)設置(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，由應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)源或應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明配(pei)電(dian)(dian)箱分別(bie)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)配(pei)接消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具工(gong)作(zuo)狀態。兩種系(xi)統(tong)(tong)相對(dui)而(er)(er)言集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)管理更方(fang)(fang)便，但(dan)經濟投入較大(da)，適合體(ti)量大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所，如(ru)商場(chang)(chang)(chang)、高(gao)層辦公樓(lou)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這些場(chang)(chang)(chang)所燈(deng)(deng)具多，分布廣(guang)，如(ru)果某個占位出(chu)現問(wen)題很(hen)難(nan)發覺，排查起來(lai)有(you)(you)很(hen)大(da)難(nan)度，采用集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，每個燈(deng)(deng)具均(jun)連(lian)接到主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，對(dui)故障進行(xing)報警(jing)并(bing)記錄，火(huo)災時(shi)可(ke)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瞬間點亮(liang)所有(you)(you)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)具。具體(ti)到什么(me)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)需(xu)要(yao)做集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明? 在出(chu)新規(gui)之(zhi)前，雖然(ran)有(you)(you)部分地(di)區(qu)、建筑(zhu)為方(fang)(fang)便使用已采用集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明，但(dan)設計過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)并(bing)沒有(you)(you)對(dui)此進行(xing)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求。現根據規(gui)范內容(rong)，設置(zhi)(zhi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所采用集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，而(er)(er)設置(zhi)(zhi)火(huo)災自(zi)動報警(jing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)未(wei)設置(zhi)(zhi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所宜采用集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)雖然(ran)也需(xu)要(yao)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室，但(dan)是(shi)不在太建筑(zhu)內，例如(ru)一個建筑(zhu)群內僅在一個單(dan)體(ti)內設置(zhi)(zhi)了消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室，其(qi)(qi)余單(dan)體(ti)僅設置(zhi)(zhi)報警(jing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)并(bing)將相關報警(jing)線路(lu)引至消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室，這種情況也認為是(shi)設置(zhi)(zhi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明需(xu)要(yao)采用集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)，可(ke)以將系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)設置(zhi)(zhi)在消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單(dan)體(ti)設置(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域分機(ji)(ji)(ji)線路(lu)匯總到主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。

2.燈具的分類

應急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)與之前常見的(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)也有了(le)很大區別，按額(e)定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)將消防(fang)應急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)分為(wei)兩類，規范(fan)中僅(jin)對A型(xing)(xing)(xing)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)做了(le)名詞解釋。/型(xing)(xing)(xing)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)為(wei)主申源和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源額(e)定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)均(jun)不大于直(zhi)流36V的(de)(de)消防(fang)應急燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)。此(ci)定(ding)義之外(wai)的(de)(de)消防(fang)應急燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)應為(wei)B型(xing)(xing)(xing)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)。此(ci)處(chu)(chu)需注(zhu)意A型(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源要求主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源均(jun)不大于直(zhi)流36V，之前常用(yong)的(de)(de)自帶蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)交流220V，而(er)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樂是直(zhi)流24~36V，因主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大于36V所以此(ci)處(chu)(chu)并不能歸(gui)類到A型(xing)(xing)(xing)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)。為(wei)避免(mian)人員在疏(shu)散過程中觸及(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)外(wai)殼發生觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故，現規范(fan)要求，設(she)置在距地(di)面(mian)8m及(ji)以下(xia)的(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)均(jun)為(wei)A型(xing)(xing)(xing)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)，B型(xing)(xing)(xing)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)可(ke)用(yong)范(fan)圍較(jiao)少，僅(jin)未設(she)置消防(fang)控(kong)制室(shi)的(de)(de)住宅建筑內疏(shu)散走道(dao)、樓梯間可(ke)采用(yong)自帶蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)B型(xing)(xing)(xing)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)。

3.系統配電的設計

燈(deng)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)為集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)自帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當燈(deng)具(ju)采用自帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)。如(ru)果(guo)是A型(xing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)具(ju)，還要(yao)(yao)在(zai)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)箱(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉換成(cheng)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。有(you)些設(she)(she)(she)計師認為在(zai)一(yi)些體量較小(xiao)沒有(you)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)普(pu)通照(zhao)明(ming)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)一(yi)條回(hui)(hui)路中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)變壓(ya)(ya)器,輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)回(hui)(hui)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)滿足A型(xing)燈(deng)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)即可，但(dan)標準中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)燈(deng)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已做(zuo)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu):應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)或集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入(ru)及(ji)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)回(hui)(hui)路中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)裝設(she)(she)(she)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流動作保(bao)護(hu)器，輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)回(hui)(hui)路嚴禁接入(ru)系統以外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)裝置(zhi)、插(cha)座及(ji)其(qi)他負載。筆者對(dui)此條規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解是當采用帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)具(ju)時只(zhi)能(neng)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)專用配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)，其(qi)變壓(ya)(ya)裝置(zhi)可設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)在(zai)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)箱(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)或其(qi)附近，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣堅井內(nei)(nei)(nei)安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)防(fang)(fang)擴等(deng)級不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)于IP33，潮迎場所防(fang)(fang)護(hu)等(deng)級不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)于IP65，且(qie)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)回(hui)(hui)路不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過(guo)8路。集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)只(zhi)能(neng)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)在(zai)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室、消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)控制室、配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣豎井內(nei)(nei)(nei)，額定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)功率不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)大(da)于5M，設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣堅井內(nei)(nei)(nei)時不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)于1kW，如(ru)果(guo)超出(chu)(chu)(chu)以上功率，可分(fen)散設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。一(yi)般情況(kuang)下集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)超過(guo)5kW，現在(zai)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)具(ju)功率很小(xiao)，一(yi)個(ge)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)面積(ji)有(you)限(xian)，燈(deng)具(ju)數量不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)太多。應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)每條支(zhi)路連接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)具(ju)數量不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)過(guo)多，規范要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過(guo)60個(ge)，但(dan)是需(xu)要(yao)(yao)結(jie)合壓(ya)(ya)降實際計算后確定(ding)連接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)具(ju)能(neng)否正常工(gong)作。另(ling)外(wai)一(yi)個(ge)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題是集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)只(zhi)能(neng)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣堅井、配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)計一(yi)般都會(hui)(hui)將配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)井中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，但(dan)一(yi)棟建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車庫普(pu)遍對(dui)美觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)太高，且(qie)由于是地下層(ceng)，防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)面積(ji)較小(xiao)，沒有(you)每個(ge)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣間(jian)(jian)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)掛在(zai)墻壁上是常態。應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新規施行(xing)后，因為要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)且(qie)只(zhi)能(neng)由所在(zai)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)車庫內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣間(jian)(jian)。

4.系統的控制設計

應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)不論哪種(zhong)系統的(de)(de)強制(zhi)點(dian)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)都(dou)有(you)兩種(zhong)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況，火(huo)災(zai)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)和(he)非火(huo)災(zai)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況停電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。集中控制(zhi)系統非火(huo)災(zai)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)，如(ru)果主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)斷電(dian)(dian)，集中電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)(dian)箱可以連鎖控制(zhi)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈具應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)點(dian)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)，持續型燈具的(de)(de)光源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)節電(dian)(dian)點(dian)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)模式轉入應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)點(dian)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)模式，但為(wei)了(le)防止(zhi)期(qi)間將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)量耗完，在火(huo)災(zai)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況下(xia)無電(dian)(dian)可用，此狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)持續時間不能(neng)超過半小時。所以設計者除了(le)保(bao)證火(huo)災(zai)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況下(xia)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈具的(de)(de)點(dian)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)時間還應(ying)再加上(shang)非火(huo)災(zai)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況下(xia)點(dian)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)半小時。火(huo)災(zai)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)系統能(neng)與火(huo)災(zai)自動報(bao)警系統聯(lian)動，火(huo)災(zai)報(bao)警輸出信號(hao)作為(wei)系統自動應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動的(de)(de)觸發信號(hao)，切斷主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)由(you)集中電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)持續供電(dian)(dian)。

非(fei)集中(zhong)控制(zhi)系統(tong)需(xu)要手動操作切斷集中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)源或(huo)應急(ji)照明(ming)配電(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的主電(dian)(dian)源，轉為(wei)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)。火災狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態和非(fei)火災狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態的供電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)與集中(zhong)型控制(zhi)系統(tong)相同。

5.安科瑞消防(fang)應急照明和疏散(san)指示系統選型方案

5.1系統概述

消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明和(he)疏散指示系統(tong)主(zhu)要由(you)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明控制器、消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明集中電源或應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明配電箱、消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)燈具等幾部分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)。該套(tao)系統(tong)為(wei)安科(ke)瑞(rui)公司，可以滿足與AcrelEMS企業(ye)微(wei)電網管理云(yun)平臺(tai)或火災自動(dong)報警系統(tong)等進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)據交換和(he)共享(xiang)。

該系(xi)統配合火災報(bao)警控制(zhi)器使用時，在(zai)平時對系(xi)統內的(de)(de)設備進行實(shi)時的(de)(de)監(jian)視和(he)控制(zhi)，便于(yu)日(ri)常的(de)(de)管理和(he)維護，保(bao)障(zhang)系(xi)統的(de)(de)穩定(ding)運行。基于(yu)此保(bao)證(zheng)在(zai)火災發生(sheng)時，能夠準確(que)改變消防(fang)應急標(biao)志燈具的(de)(de)指示方向，點亮消防(fang)應急照明燈，幫助建(jian)筑內的(de)(de)人群(qun)選(xuan)擇逃(tao)生(sheng)疏散路(lu)線，指引(yin)安全的(de)(de)逃(tao)生(sheng)方向，保(bao)障(zhang)群(qun)眾的(de)(de)人身安全，為各類用戶擔心(xin)的(de)(de)安全問題解(jie)決了后(hou)顧之憂。

5.2應用場所

適用于住宅、酒(jiu)店、辦公樓、商城綜合體、醫院、隧道管廊(lang)、軌道交通、地庫(ku)、倉(cang)庫(ku)、工廠等(deng)各行業的消防應急照明(ming)和疏散指(zhi)示系統。

5.3系統結構

5.4系統功能

5.4.1系統運行主界面

包含(han)工具(ju)欄、平面展示、圖(tu)層列表、狀(zhuang)態(tai)欄，可以直(zhi)觀的查看監(jian)控(kong)設備的運(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，并(bing)根據(ju)狀(zhuang)態(tai)欄的現(xian)實內容直(zhi)接切換至故障(zhang)具(ju)體位置。

5.4.2燈具配置界面(mian)

可以查看所有燈具(ju)狀態與數(shu)量。

5.4.3信息界面

可(ke)查(cha)看歷史操作、故障、事件信(xin)息、可(ke)按(an)日(ri)期進行查(cha)詢。

5.4.4權限管理界面

主要(yao)由應急啟動、應急停止與手動火(huo)警(jing)組成(cheng)，應急啟動與停止用來測試設(she)備應急功能是(shi)否正常(chang)，手動火(huo)警(jing)測試再(zai)具體(ti)著火(huo)點下系統的啟動情況。

5.5系統硬件配置

5.5.1應急照(zhao)明控制器選型

5.5.3 A型集中(zhong)電源集中(zhong)控制燈具選型

5.5.4 B型（220V）集(ji)中電(dian)源集(ji)中控制型消防應急照明及(ji)疏散指示設備選型

6結束語

隨著(zhu)我國經濟發展，建筑電氣設(she)計愈(yu)加繁雜，相關的(de)消防系(xi)統設(she)計內容也更(geng)復雜、更(geng)重要(yao)(yao)，消防應(ying)急照明系(xi)統是火災時(shi)(shi)消防設(she)備正常運行(xing)，人員順利(li)疏(shu)散的(de)保障，我們不但要(yao)(yao)滿足規(gui)(gui)范的(de)要(yao)(yao)求，更(geng)要(yao)(yao)從實際使(shi)用出發，在需要(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)適(shi)當提高規(gui)(gui)格保證火災時(shi)(shi)能順利(li)的(de)使(shi)用，避免不必要(yao)(yao)的(de)損失。

安科瑞侯文莉