【摘要(yao)】：鑒于常(chang)規(gui)(gui)地(di)下(xia)停車(che)場(chang)中的(de)照(zhao)明(ming)控制(zhi)(zhi)系統在使用 期間(jian)(jian)存在光(guang)源長時間(jian)(jian)開(kai)啟、能(neng)耗較高、智能(neng)化不足等(deng)(deng)問題，文章結合(he)(he)現(xian)代信息技術(shu)、自動控制(zhi)(zhi)系統技術(shu)等(deng)(deng)， 提出智能(neng)照(zhao)明(ming)控制(zhi)(zhi)系統。首先論述了常(chang)規(gui)(gui)照(zhao)明(ming)控制(zhi)(zhi)系 統的(de)局限性，然(ran)后分析智能(neng)照(zhao)明(ming)控制(zhi)(zhi)系統的(de)優(you)勢(shi)，介(jie)紹了其原理及組(zu)成(cheng)，*后結合(he)(he)具(ju)體工(gong)程(cheng)實例(li)，對物聯 網智能(neng)控制(zhi)(zhi)系統在地(di)下(xia)停車(che)場(chang)的(de)應用予以分析。

【關鍵字】：智能(neng)照(zhao)明；地下停車場；物聯網

1 常規照明控制系統的局限性

隨著城市的(de)(de)(de)發展和人(ren)們(men)生活水平的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)私 家車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)大量普(pu)及(ji)(ji)和停放(fang)需(xu)求，人(ren)們(men)對(dui)住宅、辦(ban)公及(ji)(ji)商 業(ye)(ye)等業(ye)(ye)態的(de)(de)(de)地下停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)等配(pei)(pei)套(tao)設(she)施提出了更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。當(dang)前(qian)較多(duo)高(gao)層建(jian)筑在設(she)計、施工中都有(you)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)地下停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)，便于(yu)滿足業(ye)(ye)主的(de)(de)(de)停車(che)(che)(che)需(xu)要(yao)。地下停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)屬(shu)于(yu)一(yi)個特殊場(chang)(chang)所(suo)，如果照明(ming)及(ji)(ji)運行體驗感較差，很容(rong)易(yi)讓人(ren)心理(li)上感覺不安，通過合(he)理(li)地在地下停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)應用照明(ming)控(kong)制系統，可以(yi)滿足地下停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)照明(ming)需(xu)要(yao)，改善地下空間的(de)(de)(de)環境氛(fen)圍(wei) [1]。

照明(ming)控制系統是地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重要組成，設(she)置時(shi)(shi)需(xu)(xu)考慮較多問題，如(ru)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車場(chang)(chang)應滿足白天(tian)、夜(ye)間不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)照明(ming)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)入口(kou)位置通常讓人產生光線(xian)突(tu)然變亮或(huo)變暗(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)覺，對駕駛(shi)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)視(shi)覺產生短(duan)暫影響，因(yin)而(er)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)入口(kou)需(xu)(xu)要采取過渡(du)照明(ming)方式；地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車場(chang)(chang)中還存在坡(po)度，在設(she)置照明(ming)時(shi)(shi)，需(xu)(xu)要考慮坡(po)道路面區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)照明(ming)要求(qiu)，該(gai)區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)照明(ming)需(xu)(xu)要高于平(ping)面路面區段照明(ming)，以減少(shao)視(shi)覺盲(mang)區，保證(zheng)車輛(liang)在進入或(huo)駛(shi)出(chu)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車場(chang)(chang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)。總之，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)照明(ming)控制系統設(she)計(ji)與(yu)施工需(xu)(xu)要有系統、全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮。

常規(gui)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)基(ji)本能夠考慮(lv)地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的各種要(yao)求(qiu)，保證(zheng)相(xiang)關(guan)區(qu)域滿足(zu)日(ri)常照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)需(xu)要(yao)。實際(ji)上(shang)較(jiao)多地(di)(di)下(xia)車(che)(che)庫縱深較(jiao)大(da)，同時地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)整(zheng)體面(mian)積(ji)也較(jiao)大(da)，設(she)計(ji)時需(xu)要(yao)考慮(lv)防火要(yao)求(qiu)，設(she)置不(bu)(bu)(bu)同防火分(fen)區(qu) [2]。地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)在(zai)部分(fen)管(guan)理區(qu)域設(she)置有(you)專門的管(guan)理室，其余非管(guan)理區(qu)域內通常不(bu)(bu)(bu)設(she)置管(guan)理室。考慮(lv)到對(dui)地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)的控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需(xu)要(yao)，需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)管(guan)理室中完成照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。常規(gui)地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)在(zai)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中使用(yong)繼電器控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)接觸器控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，上(shang)述(shu)兩種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器的使用(yong)可達到照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果，但是(shi)整(zheng)個線路設(she)置與連接復雜化程(cheng)度(du)高，增(zeng)加(jia)了線路施(shi)(shi)工難度(du)及后(hou)期維修難度(du)，也增(zeng)加(jia)了施(shi)(shi)工人員(yuan)的工作量。從地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)方(fang)面(mian)分(fen)析(xi)，繼電器控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)接觸器控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的可靠性與靈活性一般，此外，該控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)對(dui)應的地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)日(ri)常照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)模式比較(jiao)單一，造(zao)成照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)時間增(zeng)加(jia)，增(zeng)加(jia)地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)日(ri)常電力資源消耗量，不(bu)(bu)(bu)符合現代節能環保要(yao)求(qiu)。基(ji)于常規(gui)地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)在(zai)實際(ji)應用(yong)方(fang)面(mian)存在(zai)的不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)地(di)(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場(chang)現有(you)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)予以完善(shan)，推動智能照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的應用(yong)與發展(zhan)。

2 智能(neng)照明(ming)控制系統的優(you)勢

智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)為智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建筑的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)重要體現(xian)，可(ke)(ke)結合(he)(he)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)區(qu)域(yu)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，靈活調節(jie)(jie)(jie)并(bing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)區(qu)域(yu)的(de)照(zhao)明時間、照(zhao)明亮(liang)度(du)等。與傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)地下(xia)室照(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)相比，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在應用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在較多優勢，如智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化優勢，可(ke)(ke)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化完(wan)成燈光的(de)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)，根據地下(xia)停(ting)車(che)場(chang)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)區(qu)域(yu)的(de)自然照(zhao)明情況，調節(jie)(jie)(jie)燈光的(de)亮(liang)度(du)，節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)電(dian)力資(zi)源(yuan)消耗(hao)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)通過系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)壓，避免電(dian)壓變化對燈具(ju)產生的(de)沖擊，延(yan)長照(zhao)明燈具(ju)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。從智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)面分(fen)析(xi)，其(qi)可(ke)(ke)減(jian)少使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)纜，后期維護更簡單(dan)(dan)，減(jian)少了相關費用(yong)支出，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)也更加簡單(dan)(dan)，可(ke)(ke)在較短時間內(nei)完(wan)成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)更好地進行集中(zhong)(zhong)管理，改善人為因(yin)素(su)下(xia)浪費電(dian)力資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)現(xian)狀；可(ke)(ke)自動(dong)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)區(qu)域(yu)光源(yuan)的(de)亮(liang)度(du)，提(ti)高對自然光照(zhao)的(de)利用(yong)率，達到節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗(hao)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)借助調光器系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、中(zhong)(zhong)央建筑控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)自動(dong)調用(yong)，靈活采取(qu)單(dan)(dan)點(dian)、雙點(dian)、多點(dian)等控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式，便利人們(men)日常出行。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠與其(qi)他相關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)到一(yi)(yi)起，發揮聯合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)效果，利用(yong)各類(lei)聯網系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，將智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)樓宇(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、消防控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等連接起來，更好地發揮智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)聯動(dong)和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧化管控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。

3 智(zhi)能(neng)照明控制系統的(de)原理及組成

了解智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)照明控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)原理，對(dui)更(geng)好地(di)(di)在地(di)(di)下(xia)車庫中(zhong)使用智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)照明控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)有(you)重(zhong)要意(yi)義(yi)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)照明控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為(wei)總線性(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，具有(you)分(fen)布式(shi)特(te)點，整個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)包括較多(duo)的(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)，不同(tong)(tong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)可(ke)(ke)通過一(yi)根(gen)信(xin)號(hao)線完成(cheng)連接，使其呈現出(chu)(chu)聯(lian)網(wang)狀態。不同(tong)(tong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)均有(you)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)址，負載的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)由單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)、群組地(di)(di)址都可(ke)(ke)同(tong)(tong)輸(shu)入單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之間建(jian)立聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，建(jian)立聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)后可(ke)(ke)判斷不同(tong)(tong)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，并完成(cheng)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)回路的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)照明控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)可(ke)(ke)在控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)總線下(xia)連接到(dao)一(yi)起，形成(cheng)強大的(de)(de)網(wang)絡，有(you)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)，依靠(kao)信(xin)號(hao)完成(cheng)對(dui)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)照明的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)回路與(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)之間利用編(bian)程可(ke)(ke)使其形成(cheng)一(yi)定的(de)(de)邏輯關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，提(ti)高整個智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)照明控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)靈活性(xing)。

我國(guo)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照明(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)遵循了國(guo)際的通(tong)信(xin)(xin)協(xie)議，網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)結(jie)構(gou)采用自由(you)拓(tuo)撲，不(bu)過不(bu)允許環(huan)(huan)形網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)存在(zai)于網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)結(jie)構(gou)中，確保(bao)整(zheng)(zheng)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中的正常通(tong)信(xin)(xin)。多個單(dan)元組成(cheng)(cheng)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)，多個網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)組成(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)(zheng)個智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照明(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。一個智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照明(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的基本組成(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括(kuo)輸入(ru)單(dan)元、輸出單(dan)元及系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)單(dan)元，由(you)輸入(ru)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)、液晶顯示觸(chu)摸屏(ping)、場景(jing)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)等組成(cheng)(cheng)輸入(ru)單(dan)元；由(you)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)光(guang)(guang)模(mo)塊、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)(cheng)輸出單(dan)元；系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)時鐘、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)電(dian)源、網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)線等組成(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)單(dan)元。不(bu)同組成(cheng)(cheng)部分在(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中發揮(hui)著不(bu)同的作用，比(bi)如開(kai)關(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)、調(diao)光(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)光(guang)(guang)的開(kai)關(guan)(guan)，調(diao)節(jie)不(bu)同照明(ming)設備的明(ming)亮(liang)程度(du)；管理人(ren)員通(tong)過面板了解信(xin)(xin)息(xi)及進行必要信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的設置，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中的紅外(wai)遙控(kong)(kong)(kong)、光(guang)(guang)電(dian)傳感(gan)(gan)、動(dong)靜(jing)檢測、溫度(du)監測等傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)可感(gan)(gan)知外(wai)界環(huan)(huan)境(jing)變化，根據(ju)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的變化情況反饋(kui)照明(ming)燈(deng)具開(kai)關(guan)(guan)及亮(liang)度(du)調(diao)節(jie)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)。

目(mu)前，智能照明(ming)控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)還(huan)離不(bu)(bu)開光源(yuan)，如(ru) LED光源(yuan)、白熾燈、熒光燈、金鹵(lu)燈、鹵(lu)鎢燈等。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)照明(ming)方案均可通過計算機(ji)主機(ji)或 PLC 監控器(qi)編(bian)程完成，滿足多種條件下的智能照明(ming)需要。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)有(you)數據存(cun)儲器(qi)、微處理器(qi)的存(cun)在(zai)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)均分散著相關參數，這樣可以保(bao)證整個(ge)智能照明(ming)控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)某(mou)一單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)故障(zhang)或系(xi)統(tong)斷電情(qing)況下，其他單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)仍可正常(chang)使用，保(bao)證智能照明(ming)控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)的穩定(ding)性(xing)與可靠性(xing) [3]。

4 物聯網智能控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)應(ying)用(yong)實例(li)分析

4.1 物聯網智能控制系統概述

基(ji)于物(wu)聯網技(ji)術的智能(neng)(neng)照明控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統以 DALI 智能(neng)(neng)照明控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統為基(ji)礎，對原來(lai)的控制(zhi)方式予以優化(hua)處(chu)理，即在 LED 燈(deng)具上集成(cheng)通信模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，并使(shi)用其代替開關(guan)驅動模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，這樣可保證停車場(chang)中具體的每一個(ge)燈(deng)具都有對應(ying)的獨(du)立地(di)址。工(gong)作期間可免去開關(guan)驅動模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，同時可將整個(ge)照明回路控制(zhi)優化(hua)為對每盞燈(deng)具的獨(du)立控制(zhi)。

物聯網智(zhi)能控制(zhi)系統中信(xin)(xin)號(hao)傳(chuan)輸(shu)依賴于無線轉發(fa)技(ji)術(shu)、電力載波(bo)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)技(ji)術(shu)，人或車輛(liang)進(jin)入探測區域(yu)的模擬(ni)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)可通(tong)過燈(deng)(deng)具上的傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)完成信(xin)(xin)號(hao)采集，模擬(ni)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過載波(bo)控制(zhi)芯片使(shi)(shi)其轉換為高頻信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，利用電力線某個頻段使(shi)(shi)其傳(chuan)輸(shu)到智(zhi)能照明控制(zhi)器(qi)上。智(zhi)能照明控制(zhi)器(qi)能夠接收(shou)到高頻信(xin)(xin)號(hao)并對信(xin)(xin)號(hao)進(jin)行(xing)轉換、分析(xi)、處理及發(fa)出(chu)指令等，這樣可實現(xian)對不(bu)同燈(deng)(deng)具的控制(zhi)，實現(xian)停車場(chang)內燈(deng)(deng)具的打開與(yu)關閉。

4.2 工程概況

以筆者參(can)與的某小區(qu)(qu)地(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)(xi)統設(she)計為工程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)備與材料 。整個地(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場面積(ji)較(jiao)大，建筑結構復雜，結合(he)現代建筑綠色照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)工程(cheng)(cheng)要求，需(xu)要對地(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場采取智能(neng)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)控制系(xi)(xi)統，并要求整個系(xi)(xi)統符合(he)可(ke)視化監控、控制回路等要求。將動靜探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)模塊設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)在車(che)(che)道、通道等，如果有車(che)(che)輛或行人經過，則(ze)可(ke)觸(chu)發探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)，開啟對應燈光(guang)回路，并設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)一定(ding)的延時關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)時間。考慮(lv)到地(di)下(xia)停車(che)(che)場的使用還與上下(xia)班人流、車(che)(che)流有關(guan)(guan)，需(xu)要針對高峰時間段進行燈光(guang)回路控制設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)，以提高照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)(xi)統的節能(neng)效果。整個地(di)下(xia)車(che)(che)庫建筑面積(ji)有 11 486.54 m2，包括機動車(che)(che)車(che)(che)位 689 個，包含防火分(fen)區(qu)(qu) 10 個。地(di)下(xia)車(che)(che)庫照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)(xi)統設(she)計中應考慮(lv)上述(shu)問題(ti)考慮(lv)消防救援等特殊情況下(xia)的照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)需(xu)要。

4.3 系(xi)統(tong)配置要求

此次智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統中(zhong)(zhong)使用物(wu)聯(lian)網(wang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統，綜合(he)(he)物(wu)聯(lian)網(wang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統的技(ji)術特點(dian)、地下車庫(ku)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設計要求(qiu)合(he)(he)理進行系統配置(zhi)。系統包括照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)主機、無線(xian)轉發模(mo)塊、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)、新(xin)型 LED 車庫(ku)燈。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，物(wu)聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術在(zai)新(xin)型 LED 燈中(zhong)(zhong)有體(ti)現，包括 LED光源、人體(ti)感應器(qi)、通信模(mo)塊等；通信功能(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)借(jie)助電力載波(bo)技(ji)術實(shi)現，共(gong)用電源線(xian)與控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信號線(xian)，精準控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)車庫(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)的不(bu)同(tong)燈光。LED 燈可(ke)識(shi)別、處理反(fan)饋(kui)信號，利用波(bo)寬控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)調(diao)光技(ji)術對車庫(ku)不(bu)同(tong)時間、不(bu)同(tong)區域燈光情況予以(yi)調(diao)節(jie)，達到智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化調(diao)節(jie)及節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗(hao)的目的。

4.4 控制方式

地下(xia)停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)(she)計需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)從多角度分析，合理分布照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈具(ju)，同(tong)時(shi)保證不(bu)同(tong)區域內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)視(shi)線要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。在(zai)車(che)(che)(che)(che)庫中(zhong)有(you)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)或行人(ren)進入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，燈具(ju)上存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳感器可感應信號(hao)，接收到信號(hao)后可快速啟動(dong)控制模塊，打開(kai)主干(gan)道上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈光(guang)，滿(man)(man)(man)足(zu)(zu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)庫中(zhong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)、行人(ren)等(deng)(deng)在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)需(xu)求。這個過(guo)程中(zhong)，不(bu)同(tong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)位中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈不(bu)亮(liang)(liang)；有(you)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)或行人(ren)進入停車(che)(che)(che)(che)位時(shi)，對(dui)應停車(che)(che)(che)(che)位LED 燈打開(kai)并發揮照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)作用。車(che)(che)(che)(che)庫中(zhong)人(ren)或車(che)(che)(che)(che)離開(kai)車(che)(che)(che)(che)位后，車(che)(che)(che)(che)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)(she)備自動(dong)關閉，而(er)(er)車(che)(che)(che)(che)道燈亮(liang)(liang)度調(diao)整為入庫時(shi)亮(liang)(liang)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一半(ban)，降低燈光(guang)亮(liang)(liang)度能(neng)(neng)夠達(da)到節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是調(diao)節(jie)(jie)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈光(guang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)(man)(man)足(zu)(zu)基本照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。利(li)(li)用燈具(ju)功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)達(da)到節(jie)(jie)約電能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，通過(guo)輪流切換點亮(liang)(liang)燈具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制方(fang)式，保證每次照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)中(zhong)可有(you)一半(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)工具(ju)處于關閉狀態，這樣不(bu)僅節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)，而(er)(er)且有(you)利(li)(li)于長照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體使用壽命，降低后續維(wei)護成本。考慮(lv)(lv)到地下(xia)車(che)(che)(che)(che)庫還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)(man)(man)足(zu)(zu)夜間基本照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)、保證視(shi)頻監控質量(liang)等(deng)(deng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)燈具(ju)采取分時(shi)段、分區域控制方(fang)式，滿(man)(man)(man)足(zu)(zu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)庫夜間值班、視(shi)頻監控照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)等(deng)(deng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，通過(guo)*少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電能(neng)(neng)消(xiao)耗滿(man)(man)(man)足(zu)(zu)各方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。總之，智能(neng)(neng)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)控制系統在(zai)應用中(zhong)還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)燈光(guang)變化(hua)對(dui)其他(ta)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，

實現(xian)節(jie)(jie)能與(yu)智(zhi)能等綜合要(yao)求。根(gen)據上述車(che)庫物聯網智(zhi)能照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)控制系統設(she)計思路，利用(yong) DIALUX 照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設(she)計與(yu)計算軟件(jian)工具(ju)建立地下停(ting)車(che)場(chang)的(de)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)模(mo)型，并對模(mo)型予以分析。通過建模(mo)與(yu)模(mo)擬分析，不同組合條(tiao)件(jian)下，車(che)庫中(zhong)燈光(guang)的(de)開啟或關閉都能夠(gou)滿足(zu)(zu)規(gui)范的(de)照(zhao)度要(yao)求；燈光(guang)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)期間，也(ye)可以滿足(zu)(zu)不同設(she)置(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)要(yao)求，既能夠(gou)達到節(jie)(jie)能效果，也(ye)能夠(gou)對車(che)庫中(zhong)的(de)燈具(ju)進行智(zhi)能化(hua)控制。

4.5 節能效果

根據筆者(zhe)負責(ze)的(de)某(mou)小區地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)工(gong)程(cheng)實際(ji)情況，結(jie)合物(wu)聯網智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)照明(ming)控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)設計思(si)路(lu)，案例車(che)(che)(che)位中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)設置 342 盞(zhan)燈(deng)(deng)，車(che)(che)(che)道(dao)設置 485 盞(zhan)燈(deng)(deng)。在(zai)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)內使(shi)(shi)用(yong) LED 智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)照明(ming)控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)，其所使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)是智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)LED 燈(deng)(deng)，較傳統(tong)的(de)非智(zhi)能(neng)(neng) LED 燈(deng)(deng)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)明(ming)顯(xian)提高(gao)節能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)果；同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化控(kong)制(zhi)不(bu)同(tong)區域(yu)、不(bu)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)內車(che)(che)(che)庫燈(deng)(deng)光(guang)的(de)打開與(yu)(yu)關閉(bi)，節能(neng)(neng)；不(bu)同(tong)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命明(ming)顯(xian)延長，燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)回路(lu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)與(yu)(yu)次數都顯(xian)著減(jian)少(shao)，在(zai)節省電(dian)纜的(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)減(jian)少(shao)照明(ming)電(dian)費。實際(ji)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)以滿(man)足地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)日常車(che)(che)(che)輛與(yu)(yu)人員出(chu)入(ru)的(de)照明(ming)要求，提高(gao)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)管理(li)效(xiao)率與(yu)(yu)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化程(cheng)度，減(jian)少(shao)管理(li)人員的(de)日常工(gong)作量。應用(yong)期間(jian)(jian)，還(huan)可(ke)以將物(wu)聯網智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)照明(ming)控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)與(yu)(yu)其他(ta)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)相結(jie)合，更好地(di)(di)發揮智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)優勢，從(cong)更多角度進(jin)行地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)車(che)(che)(che)庫不(bu)同(tong)燈(deng)(deng)光(guang)的(de)全面控(kong)制(zhi)。考(kao)慮到物(wu)聯網智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)照明(ming)控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)還(huan)會遇(yu)到其他(ta)問(wen)題，需要在(zai)具(ju)體實踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)斷總結(jie)。

5安科瑞(rui)智能照明(ming)控制(zhi)系統

5.1概述

ALIBUS智能照明產(chan)品(pin)采用RS485總線技(ji)術(shu)，技(ji)術(shu)成熟可(ke)(ke)靠，安(an)全穩(wen)定。開關驅動器具備獨立(li)工作的能力，適(shi)用于(yu)一(yi)些中小型的項目；模(mo)塊化設計(ji)，可(ke)(ke)以任意拼(pin)接(jie)擴展，同(tong)時(shi)預留I/O口以及Modbus接(jie)口，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以滿足(zu)與AcrelEMS企業微電網管理(li)云平臺(tai)進行數據交換(huan)。

5.2應用場所

適合于各(ge)類智能小區(qu)、醫院(yuan)、學校(xiao)、酒(jiu)店，以及體(ti)育場(chang)所、機場(chang)、隧道(dao)、車站等大型公建項目的照明控制需求。

5.3系統結構

5.4系統功能

1）實時檢測并顯(xian)示各(ge)個模塊(kuai)的在線狀態(tai)，反饋現場受控(kong)回路(lu)的開關狀態(tai)，監控(kong)界面(mian)按(an)照樓(lou)層各(ge)分區的布局和回路(lu)列表來瀏覽。

2）當發生(sheng)模塊離線、網關設備掉線或者狀態反饋和(he)下發控制(zhi)命(ming)令不一致時會發生(sheng)故(gu)障報(bao)警(jing)，并(bing)將故(gu)障報(bao)警(jing)信息(xi)記錄并(bing)顯示在界面中。

3）可以對單個照明回路實(shi)現(xian)開(kai)(kai)關控(kong)制；每個模(mo)塊、樓層都(dou)有相應(ying)的(de)模(mo)塊控(kong)制開(kai)(kai)關和樓層控(kong)制開(kai)(kai)關，也可以一(yi)個模(mo)塊或(huo)者(zhe)整個樓層實(shi)現(xian)開(kai)(kai)關控(kong)制。

4）開(kai)關(guan)驅動器支(zhi)持過(guo)(guo)零觸發(fa)功能，負載（燈(deng)具）的(de)分(fen)合操作僅在交(jiao)流電過(guo)(guo)零時進(jin)行；可有效減少電磁(ci)干擾(rao)以及對電網的(de)沖擊，延長燈(deng)具與控制(zhi)裝置的(de)壽命。

5）對每個(ge)照(zhao)明回路可(ke)以(yi)預設(she)掉電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，當照(zhao)明電(dian)源掉電(dian)時(shi)，開關驅動(dong)器會(hui)自動(dong)切換到預設(she)的掉電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)；確(que)保(bao)重新上(shang)電(dian)時(shi)燈具的開關狀(zhuang)態(tai)是確(que)定與可(ke)控的。

6）拖(tuo)動調(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)控(kong)件，照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)備從0%到100%進行調(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)，可(ke)以對(dui)單(dan)個(ge)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)回路實(shi)現(xian)調(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)控(kong)制(zhi)，調(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)總控(kong)可(ke)以對(dui)一個(ge)模塊的(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)回路實(shi)現(xian)調(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)控(kong)制(zhi)，也可(ke)以對(dui)多個(ge)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)回路實(shi)現(xian)調(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)控(kong)制(zhi)，通過(guo)圖標的(de)(de)亮(liang)滅(mie)狀態(tai)反饋現(xian)場開(kai)關的(de)(de)狀態(tai)。

7）點擊場(chang)(chang)景控件(jian)，打開(kai)或者(zhe)關閉(bi)對(dui)應場(chang)(chang)景設置，軟件(jian)界面上(shang)顯示(shi)不同的(de)場(chang)(chang)景模式和場(chang)(chang)景功能(neng)，通過圖標的(de)亮滅顯示(shi)對(dui)應的(de)場(chang)(chang)景狀態是打開(kai)還是關閉(bi)。

8）設(she)(she)置定時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，確認時(shi)(shi)間(jian)點后，對該事(shi)件點執行(xing)的動作進行(xing)設(she)(she)置，設(she)(she)置燈在設(she)(she)定的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)點亮或者滅。

9）系統可以通過(guo)預設的當地經緯度(du)信息，自動計算每天的日升日落時(shi)(shi)間；根據天文時(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)控制(zhi)照(zhao)明開關，實現日落開燈、日出關燈的功能。

10）所有(you)定(ding)(ding)時控(kong)制計劃(hua)均可(ke)下發保存至驅(qu)動模塊；當上位機系統故障或模塊離(li)線時，驅(qu)動模塊可(ke)以利用自帶的(de)RTC時鐘(zhong)維持定(ding)(ding)時控(kong)制計劃(hua)的(de)正常(chang)執(zhi)行，不影響日常(chang)的(de)照明控(kong)制效果。

11）系(xi)統(tong)結(jie)構是分布式(shi)總(zong)線(xian)結(jie)構；系(xi)統(tong)內各元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)不依賴于其他元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)而(er)能夠獨立工作；系(xi)統(tong)內各元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)可(ke)以通過(guo)程(cheng)序的設定(ding)實現功(gong)能的多樣性(xing)。

12）預留BA或(huo)第三方集成(cheng)平臺接(jie)口，采(cai)用modbus、opc等(deng)方式。

5.5設備選型

6結束語

智(zhi)能照(zhao)明控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在地下停車場中(zhong)(zhong)的應用較傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)照(zhao)明控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)具有多方面的優勢，能夠彌補傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)地下停車場照(zhao)明控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的不(bu)足。現代(dai)地下停車場照(zhao)明控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)設計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，可綜(zong)合(he)不(bu)同要(yao)求，積極(ji)推(tui)進(jin)智(zhi)能照(zhao)明控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的應用。

安科瑞侯文莉