摘要:各使用不當等，會給(gei)石油化工(gong)企(qi)業的(de)安全(quan)生產帶(dai)來(lai)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響。基于此，從預防火(huo)災發生和(he)消防用電(dian)設備(bei)電(dian)源維護角度進行分析，結合智是消防發展要求，構建健全(quan)的(de)消防監控系統，加強火(huo)災預防，避免火(huo)災給(gei)企(qi)業帶(dai)來(lai)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)經濟損失。

關鍵詞:電(dian)氣(qi)火災監控系統(tong):消防設備電(dian)源監控系統(tong):智慧(hui)消防:火災探測器

0引言

根(gen)據應急管理部消防救援(yuan)局發布的(de)(de)全國(guo)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)數(shu)據來看，2020年因(yin)違反電氣(qi)安(an)裝使用規(gui)范所產(chan)生的(de)(de)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)共有8.5萬件(jian)，是全國(guo)總(zong)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)33.6%；因(yin)電氣(qi)故(gu)障出現的(de)(de)大(da)(da)型火(huo)災(zai)(zai)事(shi)件(jian)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)36件(jian)，占大(da)(da)型火(huo)災(zai)(zai)總(zong)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)55.%。可(ke)見電氣(qi)設(she)備線路故(gu)障誘發的(de)(de)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)事(shi)故(gu)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)較多。

石(shi)油化工(gong)業是我國重(zhong)(zhong)要產業之(zhi)一，石(shi)化企(qi)業有(you)各種(zhong)電氣(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)，容易在(zai)日常運行中出(chu)現(xian)各種(zhong)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)(zai)隱患，誘發火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)因(yin)(yin)素趨于多樣化，包括安全管理意識(shi)薄弱、違反操作規范等(deng)(deng)主觀(guan)因(yin)(yin)素隨著企(qi)業生(sheng)產年限不斷(duan)增加，電氣(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)出(chu)現(xian)老齡(ling)化趨勢，導致很多用電設(she)(she)備(bei)出(chu)現(xian)短路、漏(lou)電等(deng)(deng)現(xian)象，這(zhe)些故(gu)障通常出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)電氣(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)穿(chuan)線管內部，是產生(sheng)電氣(qi)起火(huo)(huo)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要因(yin)(yin)素。但因(yin)(yin)為很多短路現(xian)象具(ju)有(you)較強的(de)隱蔽性，短時間內無法(fa)被發現(xian)，從而導致火(huo)(huo)勢大(da)規模蔓延。同時，因(yin)(yin)石(shi)油化工(gong)行業具(ju)有(you)一定(ding)特殊性，如(ru)果出(chu)現(xian)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)(zai)事故(gu)，很容易引(yin)起有(you)毒氣(qi)體泄(xie)漏(lou)，給(gei)企(qi)業帶來嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)經(jing)濟損(sun)失，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)威脅(xie)人員安全，還(huan)會給(gei)企(qi)業形象造(zao)成破(po)壞口.所以，電氣(qi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)(zai)監控系統十分重(zhong)(zhong)要。

1石油化工電氣*常見的火(huo)災類(lei)型(xing)

1.1電(dian)氣(qi)設備漏電(dian)造成的火災

當電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備和(he)(he)線路運行時間長久，絕(jue)緣材(cai)料老(lao)化或者人為(wei)損(sun)壞以及潮濕高溫環境原因影響，會造(zao)成(cheng)絕(jue)緣性能下降，電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備和(he)(he)線路就會漏電(dian)(dian)。如果接觸不良就會產生火花和(he)(he)高溫，引燃可燃物品，造(zao)成(cheng)火災。預防這類火災的(de)措施有幾(ji)點:電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備設計安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)漏電(dian)(dian)保護裝(zhuang)置:電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備金屬(shu)外殼和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)源線路金屬(shu)導管(guan)和(he)(he)橋(qiao)架安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)可靠接地裝(zhuang)置。

1.2電氣(qi)設備線(xian)路短路造成的火災(zai)

當裸(luo)露導體或者絕緣導體絕緣破壞，導體直(zhi)接接觸(chu)時(shi)就會造成相(xiang)線(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、相(xiang)線(xian)零線(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和相(xiang)線(xian)與大(da)(da)地之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)短(duan)路。短(duan)路時(shi)電(dian)阻小，短(duan)路電(dian)流大(da)(da)，溫度(du)迅(xun)速(su)升高，熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)導線(xian)，引燃(ran)(ran)可燃(ran)(ran)物(wu)。這類火(huo)災(zai)發展(zhan)速(su)度(du)快，破壞性嚴(yan)重(zhong)。預(yu)防這類火(huo)災(zai)的措施(shi)有幾點(dian):電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備設計安裝(zhuang)短(duan)路保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，比如(ru)斷(duan)(duan)路器、熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器等:電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備和線(xian)路設計安裝(zhuang)火(huo)災(zai)監測系(xi)統。

1.3 電氣設備和線路過載造成的(de)火災

電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)和(he)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)正常(chang)(chang)運(yun)行時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)溫(wen)升(sheng)在設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)正常(chang)(chang)范圍(wei),不會造成(cheng)火災。當(dang)不按照設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)要求任意(yi)加(jia)大負(fu)載(zai)或者不按照設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)要求加(jia)長運(yun)行時(shi)間以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)故障時(shi)，運(yun)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)流就(jiu)會加(jia)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元(yuan)件(jian)和(he)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)上升(sheng)很快(kuai)。當(dang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)到達一定程度(du)(du)后，設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)和(he)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)就(jiu)會發生破壞，從而燃燒引起(qi)火災。預(yu)防這類(lei)火災的措施(shi)有幾點:嚴格按照設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)要求的負(fu)荷(he)和(he)時(shi)間運(yun)行設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei):電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)熱過載(zai)保護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi):電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)缺相保護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。

2 基于智慧(hui)消防的石油化工電氣火災監控系統研究

2.1 電氣火(huo)災控制系(xi)統的組成(cheng)和設置

2.1.1電氣(qi)火災監(jian)控(kong)系統組成(cheng)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統中(zhong)包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)器(qi)(qi)(見圖1)。其中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong)具有重(zhong)(zhong)要作用，能集中(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)情況，自動觸發(fa)故(gu)障(zhang)報警(jing)系(xi)統，避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)給相關企業(ye)帶來嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的經(jing)濟損失。目(mu)前(qian)，該設備(bei)通常(chang)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)有工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)值班(ban)的場(chang)所，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)器(qi)(qi)被安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)看(kan)守區域時，要及(ji)時將(jiang)故(gu)障(zhang)信(xin)號(hao)和(he)(he)(he)報警(jing)信(xin)號(hao)傳(chuan)輸到消防控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)室。目(mu)前(qian)，在(zai)(zai)系(xi)統運行中(zhong)，工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)*常(chang)用測(ce)溫(wen)式和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)器(qi)(qi)，但隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)設備(bei)不斷發(fa)展組合式電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)器(qi)(qi)出現在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)們視線范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)，其能監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)1kV配電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)剩余的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)(he)(he)溫(wen)度，能進一步(bu)降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統硬(ying)件數量，還能通過(guo)收(shou)集各(ge)方面數據資源，判斷出電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)的主要類型，提前(qian)將(jiang)各(ge)種安全隱患進行控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。

2.1.2新建石(shi)油化(hua)工生產裝置(zhi)電氣火災監控系統設置(zhi)

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災(zai)(zai)(zai)監控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)要注重(zhong)提前(qian)預防(fang)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備(bei)安全故(gu)障(zhang)控制在(zai)事前(qian)。因此，在(zai)企業日常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中，為滿足企業不(bu)(bu)間斷生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的要求，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)隨意切斷用電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，在(zai)很多(duo)環境下，該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)只具有(you)報(bao)警(jing)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)具備(bei)跳閘功能(neng)。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)要分析(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)線(xian)路實際運(yun)(yun)行(xing)情況收集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)線(xian)路傳輸數(shu)據，一(yi)旦(dan)發現線(xian)路存在(zai)嚴重(zhong)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題，故(gu)障(zhang)線(xian)路相關數(shu)據會(hui)(hui)直接顯(xian)示在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災(zai)(zai)(zai)監控器上，如漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、位(wei)置等(deng)數(shu)據，及時(shi)提醒工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)維護，解(jie)決(jue)安全事故(gu)，避(bi)(bi)免安全事故(gu)給生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率帶來嚴重(zhong)影響。同時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災(zai)(zai)(zai)監控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)觸(chu)發系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)報(bao)警(jing)時(shi)，會(hui)(hui)自動將報(bao)警(jing)信號(hao)傳輸給火災(zai)(zai)(zai)自動報(bao)警(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。同時(shi)，為避(bi)(bi)免出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災(zai)(zai)(zai)現象，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)設置剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢測設備(bei)時(shi)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流應低于(yu)300m，考慮到電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級(ji)1kv下的電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導體(ti)材料不(bu)(bu)同、絕(jue)緣介質不(bu)(bu)同，其(qi)日常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)存在(zai)明(ming)顯(xian)差異性，如0.6/1kV銅芯交(jiao)聯(lian)聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)*高(gao)(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為90°C，而銅芯聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為目(mu)前(qian)使用范圍*廣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，其(qi)導體(ti)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)*高(gao)(gao)(gao)為70°C。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)設置測溫(wen)(wen)(wen)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災(zai)(zai)(zai)探測器報(bao)警(jing)數(shu)值時(shi)，要結(jie)合線(xian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)型號(hao)和規(gui)格進(jin)行(xing)設置。另(ling)外，為降低錯誤報(bao)警(jing)頻率和電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災(zai)(zai)(zai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)概率，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災(zai)(zai)(zai)監控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)檢測報(bao)警(jing)數(shu)據合理(li)設置*高(gao)(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。

2.1.3石油化工生產裝(zhuang)置(zhi)電氣火(huo)災監控(kong)系統設置(zhi)

針對未(wei)設置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的石(shi)油化工(gong)，想要設置(zhi)該系(xi)統(tong)具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)難(nan)度(du)系(xi)數，如當(dang)抽屜式(shi)低(di)壓開關(guan)柜內(nei)空(kong)間不(bu)足(zu)時，工(gong)作(zuo)人員不(bu)能(neng)(neng)安(an)裝(zhuang)剩余電(dian)(dian)流互感器(qi)監(jian)(jian)督其(qi)剩余電(dian)(dian)流。為解決設置(zhi)安(an)全問題(ti)，要結合(he)企(qi)業設置(zhi)要求，進(jin)一步(bu)優化既有(you)石(shi)油化工(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，完善(shan)電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)，加強企(qi)業日常生(sheng)產(chan)的安(an)全管理(li)。同(tong)(tong)時，在石(shi)油化工(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業生(sheng)產(chan)中要安(an)裝(zhuang)微機綜合(he)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，多方位保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)動機回路(lu)(lu)、饋線(xian)等環節實現(xian)(xian)漏電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)功能(neng)(neng)，這和剩余電(dian)(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災探測(ce)器(qi)原理(li)基本相同(tong)(tong)，配(pei)合(he)通(tong)信(xin)管理(li)機實現(xian)(xian)數據收(shou)集工(gong)作(zuo)，從而實時檢(jian)測(ce)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)剩余電(dian)(dian)流。另(ling)外，在上述基礎上，工(gong)作(zuo)人員要配(pei)合(he)測(ce)溫(wen)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)檢(jian)測(ce)器(qi)，實時監(jian)(jian)督電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)各環節溫(wen)度(du)，構建健全的電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)，合(he)理(li)控(kong)(kong)制現(xian)(xian)有(you)設備(bei)改(gai)造幅度(du)。

2.2消防設備電(dian)源監(jian)控系(xi)統的(de)組成和(he)設置

目前，消防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備是(shi)控制電氣火災的重要(yao)基(ji)礎，其主要(yao)包括電動防(fang)(fang)(fang)火卷簾(lian)門(men)、消防(fang)(fang)(fang)補風、消防(fang)(fang)(fang)排(pai)煙風機(ji)、消防(fang)(fang)(fang)電梯等。通過合理應(ying)用這些(xie)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)用電設(she)(she)備能控制火災蔓延速(su)度，給人(ren)員疏散(san)和營救提供充足的時(shi)間，有(you)效降低因火災問(wen)題產生的人(ren)員傷(shang)亡和經(jing)濟損失。在正常情況下，很(hen)多設(she)(she)備在熱備狀(zhuang)態(tai)，只有(you)當出現(xian)火災情況時(shi)才被(bei)投入使用，一旦消防(fang)(fang)(fang)用電設(she)(she)備電源(yuan)(yuan)存在問(wen)題，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員未定期進行(xing)檢查(cha)，就很(hen)容易影響(xiang)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)用電設(she)(she)備的使用性(xing)能。而(er)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備電源(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為我國*實(shi)用的預警監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)，其具有(you)結(jie)構簡單(dan)、操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)捷、效率高等特征(zheng)，被(bei)廣泛(fan)應(ying)用在各(ge)行(xing)業生產工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中。同時(shi)，消防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備電源(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)控結(jie)構有(you)兩種結(jie)構組(zu)網，即消防(fang)(fang)(fang)電源(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)監(jian)控器(qi)和電壓傳感器(qi)，便(bian)于(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員實(shi)時(shi)監(jian)督(du)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備實(shi)際情況，提高石(shi)油化工(gong)企業消防(fang)(fang)(fang)安全管理水平。

2.2.1消防設備電源監控系統的組成

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備電源(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)負責消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)用電設(she)(she)備電源(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)作.保證(zheng)在出現(xian)火(huo)災(zai)時消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)用電設(she)(she)備能正常使用，給消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)救援(yuan)工(gong)(gong)作提供(gong)幫助。該(gai)(gai)系(xi)統(tong)主要(yao)包括電樂和(he)電流監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)模塊傳感器(qi)(qi)、消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)電源(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)主機、分機等(deng)，針對(dui)大型石油化工(gong)(gong)企業，監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)模塊傳感器(qi)(qi)自(zi)動收集(ji)各種消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備電源(yuan)(yuan)參數，通過總線(xian)和(he)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制室(shi)，將其上傳到(dao)全(quan)場性控(kong)(kong)(kong)制室(shi)，構建全(quan)廠消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備電源(yuan)(yuan)的監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)。該(gai)(gai)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)根(gen)據消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備電源(yuan)(yuan)的電氣數據變化情況發布相關指令(ling)，當(dang)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)用電設(she)(she)備出現(xian)如(ru)缺相、過電壓、斷路、過載等(deng)冬種故(gu)障，會自(zi)動觸(chu)發聲光報警信(xin)號，提醒工(gong)(gong)作人員進(jin)行維護。

2.2.2設(she)置消防設(she)備電源監控(kong)系統(tong)注意事(shi)項

在(zai)制定配電方案過(guo)程中，工(gong)作(zuo)人員*常用放射(she)式(shi)直供電方法(fa)，將(jiang)消(xiao)防(fang)設備(bei)(bei)電源(yuan)監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)監(jian)測點設置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)距離(li)變(bian)電所出線(xian)端較(jiao)近位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)，一旦(dan)消(xiao)防(fang)配電線(xian)路出現(xian)火(huo)災現(xian)象，該(gai)系統(tong)無法(fa)將(jiang)數(shu)據傳輸到消(xiao)防(fang)用電設備(bei)(bei)受電端，給整個(ge)消(xiao)防(fang)救援(yuan)工(gong)作(zuo)帶來嚴重影響。針對該(gai)種情況，工(gong)作(zuo)人員要(yao)合理設置(zhi)(zhi)電壓監(jian)控(kong)模塊傳感器，通常安(an)裝在(zai)距離(li)消(xiao)防(fang)用電設備(bei)(bei)未(wei)端較(jiao)近位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)，如(ru)消(xiao)防(fang)雙電源(yuan)切換(huan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)進線(xian)口(kou)，充分發揮消(xiao)防(fang)電源(yuan)監(jian)控(kong)作(zuo)用，保證石油化工(gong)企(qi)業日常生產的安(an)全(quan)性(xing)。

2.3基于(yu)智(zhi)慧(hui)消防的石油化(hua)工(gong)電氣(qi)火災監控系統應用

2017年，公安部消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)局發(fa)(fa)布《關于(yu)*面推(tui)進(jin)(jin)“智慧消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)建(jian)設的(de)(de)指導意(yi)見》，要(yao)求(qiu)相關企業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)理利(li)用各種信息(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，如(ru)(ru)云計(ji)算、大數據、物聯網(wang)等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，推(tui)動(dong)智慧消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)建(jian)設進(jin)(jin)程，將信息(xi)化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務相互(hu)(hu)結合(he)，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完善社會火(huo)災防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，促進(jin)(jin)傳統(tong)(tong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)智能化(hua)方向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展。目(mu)前(qian)，上述(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)主要(yao)針對(dui)社會火(huo)災防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，石(shi)油(you)化(hua)工(gong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)*重要(yao)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)環節之一(yi)。隨著消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)展，傳統(tong)(tong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)管理工(gong)作無(wu)法演足企業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)安全要(yao)求(qiu)，企業(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)對(dui)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設施(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)態監(jian)(jian)(jian)管和(he)預報警功(gong)能，積*購買冬種先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，如(ru)(ru)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設備電源監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水泵巡檢系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照明系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。但從(cong)目(mu)前(qian)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)運行(xing)(xing)情(qing)況來看，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)不(bu)能將消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)獨立設置，無(wu)形(xing)中增加工(gong)作人員日(ri)常監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)工(gong)作量，要(yao)將不(bu)同消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)相互(hu)(hu)結合(he)，實現(xian)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)，統(tong)(tong)一(yi)各種消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)通信協議,實現(xian)不(bu)同消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)間的(de)(de)相互(hu)(hu)溝通(見表(biao)1)。通過實現(xian)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)，不(bu)僅(jin)能保證不(bu)同監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)自(zi)身監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)功(gong)能，還(huan)能利(li)用實現(xian)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)數據互(hu)(hu)通，避免消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)遇到的(de)(de)問題。

在實(shi)現消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控系統(tong)(tong)一(yi)體化(hua)過程(cheng)中，要(yao)合(he)理利(li)用(yong)智慧消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)物聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)，實(shi)現各種設(she)(she)備和(he)系統(tong)(tong)間的(de)組網(wang)，實(shi)時定位(wei)每個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)運行(xing)狀態和(he)故(gu)障報(bao)警位(wei)置，通過分(fen)級(ji)授權(quan)管理模式向企(qi)業(ye)不同(tong)級(ji)別用(yong)戶提(ti)(ti)供相關網(wang)頁界面，讓企(qi)業(ye)管理層根據不同(tong)權(quan)限進行(xing)實(shi)時控制。通過利(li)用(yong)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控系統(tong)(tong)一(yi)體化(hua)，遠(yuan)程(cheng)進行(xing)火災(zai)報(bao)警聯(lian)動，實(shi)時檢測(ce)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備實(shi)際情況(kuang)(kuang)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)日常消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)管理水平。同(tong)時，安全管理人員可利(li)用(yong)相關App，多方面分(fen)析(xi)企(qi)業(ye)內部消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備實(shi)際情況(kuang)(kuang)，一(yi)旦(dan)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)系統(tong)(tong)故(gu)障報(bao)警系統(tong)(tong)被觸發(fa)，能及時收集到火災(zai)相關信息，便于當地消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)部門(men)掌握企(qi)業(ye)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)施運行(xing)情況(kuang)(kuang)，能進行(xing)日常消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)督(du)，確定石(shi)油(you)化(hua)工企(qi)業(ye)火災(zai)危險(xian)程(cheng)度，給消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)部門(men)研究(jiu)火災(zai)風險(xian)提(ti)(ti)供豐富的(de)數據資源。

3安科瑞電氣火災監控系統

3.1概述

Acre1-6000電(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)(zai)監控系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，是根據國(guo)家現(xian)行規范標準由安(an)科瑞(rui)電(dian)氣股(gu)份有限(xian)公司研發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)數字化(hua)獨立運行的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，已(yi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)國(guo)家消防(fang)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量監督檢(jian)驗中心的(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品試(shi)驗認證(zheng)，并且(qie)均通(tong)(tong)過(guo)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)EMC電(dian)磁兼容(rong)試(shi)驗，保證(zheng)了該系(xi)(xi)(xi)列產(chan)(chan)(chan)品在低(di)壓(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)正(zheng)常運行，現(xian)均已(yi)批量生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)并在全(quan)國(guo)得到廣泛地應用。該系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對剩余電(dian)流、過(guo)電(dian)流、過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、溫(wen)度(du)和故障電(dian)弧等信號的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)集與(yu)監視(shi)，實現(xian)對電(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)早期預防(fang)和報警，當必要時還能聯動切除被檢(jian)測到剩余電(dian)流、溫(wen)度(du)和故障電(dian)弧等超標的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)回路;并根據用戶的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)，還可以滿(man)足與(yu)AcreIEMS企(qi)業微電(dian)網(wang)管理云平(ping)臺或火(huo)災(zai)(zai)自動報警系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)等進行數據交換(huan)和共(gong)享。

3.2應用場合

適用于智(zhi)能樓(lou)宇、高層公寓、賓(bin)館(guan)、飯店(dian)、商廈、工(gong)礦企業、國(guo)家*點消防(fang)單位以(yi)及石油化工(gong)、文(wen)教衛生、金融、電信等領域。

3.3系統結構

3.4系統功能

監(jian)控設備(bei)能接收(shou)多臺(tai)探(tan)測器的(de)剩(sheng)余電流、溫度信(xin)息(xi)，報(bao)警(jing)時(shi)發出(chu)聲、光(guang)報(bao)警(jing)信(xin)號，同(tong)時(shi)設備(bei)上紅色“報(bao)警(jing)"指示燈(deng)亮，顯示屏(ping)指示報(bao)警(jing)部位(wei)及報(bao)警(jing)類型，記(ji)錄報(bao)警(jing)時(shi)間，聲光(guang)報(bao)警(jing)一直保(bao)持，直至(zhi)按設備(bei)的(de)“復位(wei)"按鈕(niu)或觸摸屏(ping)的(de)“復位(wei)"按鍵(jian)遠程對(dui)探(tan)測器實現復位(wei)。對(dui)于聲音報(bao)警(jing)信(xin)號也可以使用(yong)觸摸屏(ping)“消(xiao)聲"按鍵(jian)手動消(xiao)除(chu)。

當被(bei)監測(ce)回(hui)路報警(jing)(jing)時，控制(zhi)輸(shu)出繼電器(qi)閉合，用于控制(zhi)被(bei)保護電路或其他設(she)備，當報警(jing)(jing)消除(chu)后，控制(zhi)輸(shu)出繼電器(qi)釋(shi)放。

通訊(xun)(xun)故障報警：當(dang)監(jian)控設(she)備與(yu)所接的任(ren)一臺探測器之間(jian)發生通訊(xun)(xun)故障或探測器本身發生

故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)，監(jian)控畫面中相應的(de)(de)(de)探測(ce)器顯示故(gu)障(zhang)提示，同時(shi)設備(bei)(bei)上的(de)(de)(de)黃色“故(gu)障(zhang)"指示燈(deng)亮，并發出故(gu)障(zhang)報(bao)警(jing)聲音(yin)。電(dian)源故(gu)障(zhang)報(bao)警(jing)：當主(zhu)電(dian)源或(huo)備(bei)(bei)用電(dian)源發生故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)，監(jian)控設備(bei)(bei)也發出聲光(guang)報(bao)警(jing)信號并顯示故(gu)障(zhang)信息，可(ke)進入相應的(de)(de)(de)界面查看(kan)詳(xiang)細(xi)信息并可(ke)解(jie)除(chu)報(bao)警(jing)聲響。

當發(fa)生剩(sheng)余電流、超溫(wen)報(bao)警或(huo)通訊(xun)、電源(yuan)故(gu)障(zhang)時，將報(bao)警部位、故(gu)障(zhang)信息、報(bao)警時間等信息存(cun)儲(chu)在(zai)數(shu)據庫中，當報(bao)警解除(chu)、排除(chu)故(gu)障(zhang)時，同樣予以記錄(lu)。歷史數(shu)據提供(gong)多種便捷、快速的(de)查詢(xun)方法。

4配置方案

5結語

綜上所(suo)述，隨(sui)著(zhu)石油化工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安全(quan)意識逐漸增強，為(wei)避免火災(zai)給工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)帶來嚴重傷害，防(fang)(fang)止給周圍生態環境帶來嚴重破壞，要改革傳(chuan)統消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)理念，實(shi)現消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)事前(qian)預(yu)警(jing)(jing)。工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)要結合企(qi)(qi)業生產(chan)情況，構建健全(quan)的電(dian)氣(qi)火災(zai)監控系統和消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設備電(dian)源監控系統，通過利用火災(zai)自動(dong)報警(jing)(jing)系統將消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)電(dian)源監控、電(dian)氣(qi)火災(zai)監控相互融(rong)合，提(ti)高日(ri)常火災(zai)監督效率(lv)。同時(shi)，采用智能消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)物(wu)聯網技術，實(shi)現火災(zai)遠程監控，給石油化工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)巡檢(jian)工(gong)(gong)作提(ti)供豐(feng)富(fu)的數據資源，充分發揮其(qi)在人員(yuan)疏(shu)散方面的作用，將企(qi)(qi)業電(dian)氣(qi)火災(zai)風險(xian)控制在*小范(fan)圍。

安科瑞侯文莉